漫反射激光测距和高精度测角一体化技术方案和实验研究

项目名称： 漫反射激光测距和高精度测角一体化技术方案和实验研究

项目编号： No.U1331112

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 于涌

作者单位： 中国科学院上海天文台

项目金额： 60万元

中文摘要： 在空间碎片监测领域，漫反射激光测距技术具有广泛的应用前景。目前，非合作目标的漫反射激光测距处于试验阶段，受天气条件、测站数量和地理覆盖范围等因素的影响，实现多站测距存在较大难度，而仅靠单站漫反射激光测距数据又难以直接实现目标定轨。根据轨道理论，如果在测距同时，能够提供目标的切向约束，可显著提高目标定轨的成功率和可靠性。本项目拟在前期试验基础上，开展漫反射激光测距和高精度测角一体化技术方案研究，在现有激光测距系统上增加光学测角设备，在测距同时，实现高精度测角，为空间碎片监测提供关键数据。本项目重点研发如何提高测角精度、实现测距和测角同时工作的方法；同时，借助于上海天文台佘山60厘米激光测距望远镜系统，建立一套具备漫反射激光测距和高精度测角一体化技术的试验系统，开展必要的实验观测研究，为同类型设备的研制提供参考依据和技术基础。

中文关键词： 激光测距；天体测量；空间碎片；图像处理；精度分析

英文摘要： In the field of monitoring space debris, diffuse reflection laser ranging has broad application prospects. At present, diffuse reflection laser ranging observation is still in experimental stage. Affected by weather condition, the number and the geographical coverage of laser ranging stations and other factors, there are some difficulties in realizing multi-station laser ranging observation. And the orbit of objects can hardly be determined by ranging data only from one single station. According to the principle of orbit determination, the success rate and reliability of orbit determination of the object will be improved obviously if the tangential constraint of the object is afforded while laser ranging. In this project, we will develop the research of the integration scheme of diffuse reflection laser ranging and angle measurement with high precision on the basis of previous test. An optical telescope is planned to be installed on the present satellite laser ranging telescope system. The angle measurement with high precision can be realized while laser ranging, and key observational data can be obtained for the monitoring of space debris. The project aims at how to improve the precision of angle measurement and how to work simultaneously for laser ranging and angle measurement. We plan to establish a test inte

英文关键词： laser ranging；astrometry；space debris；image processing；precision analysis