免疫增强剂促进石斑鱼免疫分子和免疫力亲子传递之基础研究

项目名称： 免疫增强剂促进石斑鱼免疫分子和免疫力亲子传递之基础研究

项目编号： No.U1401211

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 管理科学

项目作者： 张士璀

作者单位： 中国海洋大学

项目金额： 260万元

中文摘要： 胚胎和仔稚鱼死亡率高是鱼类育苗生产中亟待解决的一个难题。病害被认为是导致鱼类胚胎和仔稚鱼死亡重要原因之一。研究表明鱼类母源性免疫分子可以从亲代传递给子代并对胚胎提供免疫保护。如何通过母源性免疫提升子代抗病力是个尚待系统探索的新领域。例如，免疫增强剂饲喂亲鱼，体内增加的免疫组分是否会相应地传递给子代（卵子）？如是，卵子中不同的免疫组分在胚胎发育中的作用可维持多久？所传递给子代的免疫分子是否可以为鱼类胚胎提供免疫保护？保护率可提高多少？免疫增强剂处理是否会影响亲鱼的生殖能力？对此，我们所知甚少，这也正是本项申请研究内容。我们拟以石斑鱼为对象，综合运用免疫、发育和生化等技术手段，研究、分析免疫增强剂葡聚糖对免疫分子亲子传递和胚胎免疫力提升之作用与影响，揭示免疫增强剂跨代免疫作用规律，取得具有原创性的新发现，为提高鱼类育苗成活率提供理论参考。这些研究成果还可以为免疫增强剂在人类的应用提供一定参考。

中文关键词： 调控机制；相互作用；免疫效果

英文摘要： High embryo/larva mortality is a common phenomenon in fishes, which causes a significant financial loss in aquaculture industries all over the world. Diseases are believed to be one of the most important causes that result in the high embryo/larva mortality. As early as in 1919, Dannevig demonstrated bacterial growth on cod eggs resulting in high mortality. In 1994, Plumb reports that the bacterium Cytophaga psychrophilum is the cause of bacterial cold water disease which affects salmonids ranging from yolk-sac to yearling fish (Hansen and Olafsen 1999. Microl. Ecol. 38:1-26). Recently, it is shown that exposure of salmon fry and juveniles to the Gram-negative bacterium Yerinia ruckeri cuases occurrence of enteric redmouth disease, resulting in 60% mortality (Haig et al. 2011. Vet. Microbiol. 147:155-61). Similarly, Virus, such as viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) that can be transmitted from mother to offspring, can also cause acute diseases in larvae and fry of marine fish like flounder and grouper, leading to high mortality..Maternal immunity refers to the immunity transferred across the placenta, colostrum, milk or eggs from mother to offspring, which is supposed to play a key role to protect the vulnerable offspring against pathogenic attacks. Maternal immunity was initially described in mammals and birds more than 100 years ago, and has now been documented among different vertebrates such as mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. Fish eggs are in most cases cleidoic, i.e. closed free-living system following fertilization; they are therefore supposed to depend upon the maternal provision of immune-relevant molecules for protection against invading pathogens before full maturation of immunological systems (Zhang et al. 2013. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 39:72-8). Immunostimulants, also known as immunostimulators, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. Interest in the use of immunostimulants as an alternative to the drugs, chemicals and antibiotics currently being used to control fish diseases is growing, partially because immunostimulants, in contrast to vaccines, enhance the innate immune response..We wonder if challenge with immunostimulant such as glucan can enhance the transfer of immune-relevant molecules and immunity from mother to offspring in grouper. We plan to treat female grouper with glucan, collect serum and eggs released, and then analyze the levels of the immune-relevant molecules such as IgM, lysozyme, C3, fB, lectin and protease inhibitor in both serum and egg, to conclude if glucan can enhance the transfer of the immune molecules from mother to egg. We will also examine if eggs derived from glucan-challenged fish can develop normally and have higher anti-microbial activity than those from un-treated fish. For detailed research plan, see the proposal and the flow chart please.

英文关键词： regulation mechanism;interaction;immunuological effect