肌肉损伤机制的神经肌肉骨骼系统建模与仿真研究

项目名称： 肌肉损伤机制的神经肌肉骨骼系统建模与仿真研究

项目编号： No.30871210

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 刘宇

作者单位： 上海体育学院

项目金额： 33万元

中文摘要： 肌肉拉伤是一种极其常见的运动创伤，而大部分肌肉组织的慢性或急性损伤都与单块肌肉所承受机械负荷息息相关，要量化运动过程中单块肌肉的力量，神经肌肉骨骼系统的建模与仿真就显得非常必要。本研究通过同步采集优秀短跑运动员最大最大速度跑的运动学和动力学数据及下肢主要肌群的肌电信号，建立了下肢神经肌肉骨骼系统动力学模型，利用逆向动力学最优化算法对运动过程中各关节的肌肉力矩和下肢单块冗余肌肉力量进行仿真与量化，并寻求一种更为合理的人体神经系统对肌肉控制的目标函数。研究发现：双关节肌股后肌、股直肌和腓肠肌应力峰值、长度峰值、收缩速度峰值和做负功单位面积功率峰值均显著高于其他下肢骨骼肌；在摆动期中间阶段，股后肌在顺应性离心收缩时突然被激活并快速出现做负功功率峰值；摆动末期，出现股后肌长度、速度、应力峰值；触地瞬间，股后肌应力和单位面积功率快速增长至支撑期峰值。研究结论：下肢双关节肌为快速跑时最易受伤的肌肉；摆动期中间阶段、摆动末期及触动地瞬间为快速跑时易发生股后肌拉伤的时相；股二头肌长头是股后肌群最易拉伤的肌肉，特殊的抗阻训练对避免肌肉拉伤具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 建模与仿真;肌肉拉伤;短跑;优化;肌应力

英文摘要： Muscle strain is a common type of sports injuries. Most chronic or acute muscle injuries are involved in mechanical loads that the muscle is subjecting to. In order to quantify the strength from a single muscle, the modeling and simulations of the neuro-musculoskeletal system are necessary to be conducted. Methods: Kinematic data, ground reaction force (GRF), and electromyography (EMG) of lower limb were collected synchronously during the maximum-speed sprinting of elite sprinters. A two-dimensional lower-limb musculoskeletal kinetic model was then established. Joint torques and force from single muscle were simulated and calculated by using an optimization method of intersegmental dynamics. Meanwhile, a more reasonable target function, which can reflect the muscle control of human neural system, was also pursued for the purpose of accurately estimating the force produced by single muscle. Results: 1) The stress value, the peak length, the peak contraction velocity, and the work done by double-joint muscles, such as hamstrings, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius, were higher than those of the other muscles; 2) In the middle phase of swing, hamstring would be triggered abruptly in its compliance eccentric contraction and its peak value of power of negative work emerges immediately; 3) In the end of swing, the values for the length, speed and stress in the hamstring reached a peak; 4) At the moment of touch-down, hamstring’ stress and per unit power increased quickly and achieved their peak values during the support phase; 5) The peak values for the stress, the length, the power of doing negative work, and the sum of negative work in biceps femoris were significantly higher than those in semimembranosus and semitendinosus. Conclusion: 1) double-joint muscles of the lower extremity were most easily strained muscles during sprint running; 2) During sprinting, the hamstring was easily strained in the middle phase as well as the end of swing and the touchdown moment; 3) The long head of biceps femoris muscle was the most easily strained muscle within the hamstring.

英文关键词： modelling and simulation;strain;sprint running;optimization;muscle stress