基于景观格局演变的泾河上游土壤水空间格局形成机制与尺度效应

项目名称： 基于景观格局演变的泾河上游土壤水空间格局形成机制与尺度效应

项目编号： No.41471029

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 徐丽宏

作者单位： 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 土壤水是干旱缺水区植被恢复与稳定的关键。近几十年黄土高原植被恢复等引起景观格局改变，导致土壤水含量下降，进而威胁到区域植被恢复与供水安全；要实现区域水-土-植被的综合利用与调控，亟需明确土地利用等景观变化下土壤水空间格局形成机制，尤其要关注土地利用等对土壤水格局的影响。然而土壤水空间格局受多尺度多因素的综合影响，导致对土壤水在不同尺度的格局形成机制与尺度效应认识不清，无法满足区域植被与土壤水管理的需求。本项目拟在黄土高原地区泾河上游，基于野外实测、统计与模型模拟等方法，在样地到流域的多空间尺度上，研究景观格局等环境因素的时空演变，应用分布式生态水文模型多尺度模拟土壤水空间格局，定量分析不同尺度环境因素对土壤水空间格局的影响及其主控因素，揭示土壤水空间格局主控因素的尺度演化特征与尺度效应，对比土石山区和黄土区土壤水空间格局形成机制差异，推动生态水文学发展和黄土高原水-土-植被资源的综合管理。

中文关键词： 土壤水分；景观格局；空间格局；分布式水文模型；生态与水文耦合

英文摘要： Soil moisture is the key factor for the vegetation restoration and stability. The change of landscape patterns caused by the vegetation restoration programme during the past decades in the Loess Plateau has resulted in declining of soil moisture, and thus become a threat for the vegetation restoration and water resource safety. To make a compositive utilizing and control of regional water-soil-vegetation system, the formation mechanism of spatial patterns of soil moisture under land use and landscape changes must be made clear, and the effects of land use on soil moisture patterns should be paid attention to especially. However, researches on the formation mechanism and scale effect of soil moisture upon different spatial scale is quite limited since soil moisture patterns is affected by multi-scale and multi-factors, it's difficult now to be applied in the management of regional vegetation and soil moisture. Based on field observation, statistics and model simulation on multi-spatial-scales from sample plot to watershed, the spatial-temporal changes of environmental factors including landscape patterns will be studied in upstream area of Jinghe watershed on Loess Plateau in this research. Distributed ecohydrological model is planned to be applied to simulate the spatial patters of soil moisture on multi-scales, and the effects of environmental factors on different scales upon soil moisture patterns will be analysed quantitatively, and what is the primary factor as well, thus the scale effect of the primary controlling factor upon soil moisture patterns could be revealed. Finally, the different formation mechanism of soil moisture patterns between rocky mountain area and loess area will be compared. We expected this research could improve the development of ecohydrology and the compositive management of the water-soil-vegetation resource in Loess Plateau area.

英文关键词： Soil Water;Landscape pattern;Spatial Pattern;Physical-distributed hydrological modelling;Coupling of ecological and hydrological processes