新型二次电池材料碳足迹与环境损益机制分析

项目名称： 新型二次电池材料碳足迹与环境损益机制分析

项目编号： No.51474033

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 郁亚娟

作者单位： 北京理工大学

项目金额： 81万元

中文摘要： 当前各类储能材料被广泛应用，有关废旧电池的环境污染亦受到关注。为了评价新型二次电池材料的环境可持续性，尝试建立一种基于碳足迹的新型二次电池材料环境损益分析方法。采用SimaPro支持的碳足迹计算方法和PAS 2050两种体系来评估碳足迹，研究各类新型二次电池材料从原料开发→生产→运输→使用→废弃或回收→产生污染→影响生态系统→导致人体健康损害→经济损失→修复效益的全过程环境效应。选择大型蚤、大豆等动植物作为废弃电池污染土壤、水等介质的毒性测试物种，以其半致死浓度等参数来表征材料的环境风险，计算由此带来的对生态系统（包括动物和植物等）的损害，并通过适当的外推法来测算相应的人类健康损失，从而得到经济损失和修复污染后的效益。开发一套碳足迹和环境损益分析的软件平台，兼容上述研究方法体系，选择锂离子电池、太阳能电池等电池材料进行实例操作。本研究将为筛选新型绿色电池材料提供科学支持。

中文关键词： 二次电池；新型材料；碳足迹；环境损益

英文摘要： Nowadays as energy storage materials are widely used, the environmental pollution of waste batteries has been concerned. To evaluate the environmental sustainability of novel secondary battery materials, the environmental cost-benefit mechanism analysis method of novel secondary battery materials is built based on carbon footprint analysis in this study. Carbon footprint is estimated by both carbon footprint calculation method of SimaPro software and the method of PAS 2050. The environmental influence during the whole life cycle of different secondary battery materials is studied through following process: raw material exploitation, material production, transportation, use, disposal or recycle, environmental pollution, ecosystem impact, human health damage, economic losses, rehabilitation or mitigation benefit. Some flora and fauna, such as daphnia magna and soybean, are chosen for toxicity tests of some environmental medium like soil and water, etc., which is supposed to be polluted by the wasted battery materials. The parameters such as LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) concentration is used to characterize the environmental risk of some certain material and its composite or elements. The damage to the ecosystem (including animals and plants) is calculated and the human health damage is estimated by suitable extrapolation method. Depending on these damages, economical losses and the benefits from pollution rehabilitation could be evaluated. A software platform for carbon footprint and environmental cost-benefit mechanism analysis is set up in this study which includes the above analytical methods. Some battery materials such as Lithium ion batteries and solar cells were chose for case study. This study can give a well support for novel green battery material manufacture.

英文关键词： secondary battery;novel materials;carbon footprint;environmental cost-benefit