沙尘暴期间沙尘释放通量分布的研究

项目名称： 沙尘暴期间沙尘释放通量分布的研究

项目编号： No.10872082

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 郑晓静

作者单位： 兰州大学

项目金额： 56万元

中文摘要： 为揭示沙尘暴期间近地表风场特征,给出沙尘颗粒从地表进入大气的过程-起沙机制的定量准确描述,进而提高现有沙尘数值预报模式的准确性,本项采用野外测量与气象观测数据相结合、理论建模与气象模式预测相结合、数值模拟与参数化方式相结合的研究方案，开展了沙尘暴期间沙尘浓度、风速、温度、湿度等物理量的实时、同步、梯度观测，积累了大量沙尘暴观测的第一手现场资料，在此基础上，分析了现有沙尘预报模式中影响预报结果的关键参数及其影响程度，揭示了沙尘暴期间风场的脉动特征、相干结构及其变化规律、沙尘浓度沿高度的分布规律以及风场结构对沙尘输送的影响，提出了基于平均流场参数的脉动风场预测模型和风沙流单宽输沙率预测公式；项目出版英文专著1部，中文科普著作1部，发表学术论文13篇(SCI:9篇)，已接受学术论文2篇(SCI)，另有1篇在审，7篇待投稿；主办国际学术会议1次，协办国际会议1次，培养博士生9名(已毕业6名)。

中文关键词： 沙尘暴观测; 风场结构; 沙尘浓度分布; 参数化

英文摘要： Aiming to reveal the characteristics of near-surface wind structure in dust storm, and present an accurate description of dust emission mechanism that governs the processes of sand-dust particles uplifting into atmospheric flow from land surface so as to improve the accuracy of existing GCM-DUST models, this project implemented a comprehensive research scheme combining field observations with meterological measurings, theoretical modeling with weather forcast, numerical simulations with parametric methods, and organized several systematic experiments conducting real-time, synchronous profile measruments of related macroscopic physical quantities during sand-dust storm events including dust concentration, wind velocity, temperature and humidity, collected huge amounts of raw data of sand-dust storms through field observations. Based on this, key parameters and the extent to which they substantially influence the forcast results of GCM-DUST models are extracted and analyzed. Statisitcal analysis demonstrated the fluctuation characteristic of wind field, revealed coherent structures and their quantitative laws, dust concentration profile, and the influence of wind structure to sand-dust transportations. Consequently, we established a new wind prediction model based on mean flow and sand-dust flux parameterization techniques and a sand transportation rate formula regarding mean flow and turbulent intensity. Under the sponsor of this project, the team published 1 English monograph, 1 Chinese book, 13 research paper(9 SCI), in which 2 paper have been accecpted by peer reviewed journals, 1 is under review, 7 are under submission; hosted one international academic conference, co-organized one international conference, and supervised 9 Ph.D students (6 of which have received their degree).

英文关键词： field observation of sand-dust storm events; wind strucure; dust concentration profile; parameterization techniques