基于功能近红外成像的面孔加工异族效应的发展机制研究

项目名称： 基于功能近红外成像的面孔加工异族效应的发展机制研究

项目编号： No.31470993

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 李康

作者单位： 浙江师范大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 人们对本族面孔的身份识别比外族面孔效率更高。对这种面孔识别异族效应的探查一直是认知神经科学领域的研究热点。大量研究表明本族面孔识别和外族面孔识别之间专家知识的差异有可能是导致异族效应的原因之一。但是由于缺乏来自于发展方面的研究，因此对于这两者之间的关系及其神经机制尚不清楚。本项目基于功能近红外成像技术，以不同年龄段的儿童和成年人作为研究对象，通过探查面孔信息独特的加工方式对于面孔识别异族效应发展机制的影响，本族面孔识别优势和外族面孔分类优势相互制约的神经机制的发展轨迹以及不同年龄段儿童的面孔加工异族效应与静息状态下大脑内在网络组织关系的相关性，揭示本族面孔专门化加工经验的增长对面孔加工异族效应发展变化的影响，以及在这一影响下面孔识别异族效应神经机制的发展轨迹。从而为深入研究面孔识别异族效应的神经机制以及揭示早期视觉加工经验的积累对于视觉皮层功能组织分化的影响提供重要的理论依据。

中文关键词： 面孔加工；异族效应；专家知识；儿童发展；功能近红外成像

英文摘要： Own-race faces are individuated more effectively than other-race faces. The mechanism of such other-race effect (ORE) has been generally investigated by many behavior and functional imaging studies. Converging evidence has demonstrated that the difference in processing expertise between own-race face and other-race face may account for ORE. However, with the absence of evidence from developmental studies, the relationship between the expertise difference and ORE as well as the neural mechanism under it is unclear. The current study, using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) methodology and recruiting children with different age and adults, explores the influence of the processings specific to facial information on ORE development, the trajectory of neural trade-off between the advantage of own-race face recognition and the advantage of other-race categorization, and the correlation of ORE and the organization properties of intrinsic network in resting state across children with similar age. The current study aims to uncover the influence of the increase of the experience specific to face processing on the development of ORE as well as the trajectory of neural mechanism underlying this process. As a result, this study can greatly facilitate to discover the neural mechanism of ORE and reveal the role of early visual processing experience in functional integration of visual cortex.

英文关键词： face processing;other-race effect;expertise;children development;fNIRS