This paper compares quantitatively the spread of Ukraine-related disinformation and its corresponding debunks, first by considering re-tweets, replies, and favourites, which demonstrate that despite platform efforts Ukraine-related disinformation is still spreading wider than its debunks. Next, bidirectional post-hoc analysis is carried out using Granger causality tests, impulse response analysis and forecast error variance decomposition, which demonstrate that the spread of debunks has a positive impact on reducing Ukraine-related disinformation eventually, albeit not instantly. Lastly, the paper investigates the dominant themes in Ukraine-related disinformation and their spatiotemporal distribution. With respect to debunks, we also establish that around 18% of fact-checks are debunking claims which have already been fact-checked in another language. The latter finding highlights an opportunity for better collaboration between fact-checkers, so they can benefit from and amplify each other's debunks through translation, citation, and early publication online.
翻译:本文从数量上比较了与乌克兰有关的虚假信息及其相应披露的传播情况,首先考虑重审、答复和喜好,这些都表明,尽管平台努力,与乌克兰有关的虚假信息仍然比其披露范围更为广泛。 其次,双向热后分析是通过Granger因果关系测试、冲动反应分析和预测错误差异分解进行的,这些分析表明,拆散对最终最终(尽管不是瞬间)减少与乌克兰有关的虚假信息产生积极影响。最后,论文调查了与乌克兰有关的虚假信息的主要主题及其在空间和时间上的分布。关于拆解,我们还确定,大约18%的实查要求被拆散,这些要求已经用另一种语言进行事实检查。后一项发现凸显了在事实检查者之间加强合作的机会,以便他们可以通过翻译、引证和早期在线发布的方式从对方的失实中得益并放大。