Unveiling the Evolution of Mobile Networks: From 1G to 7G

The evolution of cellular networks has played a pivotal role in shaping the modern telecommunications landscape. This paper explores the journey of cellular network generations, beginning with the introduction of Japan's first commercial 1G network by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Corporation in 1979. This analog wireless network quickly expanded to become the country's first national 1G network within a remarkably short period. The transition from analog to digital networks marked a significant turning point in the wireless industry, enabled by advancements in MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) technology. MOSFET, originally developed at Bell Labs in 1959, underwent modifications to suit cellular networks in the early 1990s, facilitating the shift to digital wireless mobile networks. The advent of the 2G generation brought forth the first commercial digital cellular network in 1991, sparking recognition among manufacturers and mobile network operators of the importance of robust networks and efficient architecture. As the wireless industry continued to experience exponential growth, the significance of effective network infrastructure became increasingly evident. In this research, our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the entire spectrum of cellular network generations, ranging from 1G to the potential future of 7G. By tracing the evolution of these networks, we aim to shed light on the transformative developments that have shaped the telecommunications landscape and explore the possibilities that lie ahead in the realm of cellular technology.