Charts go hand in hand with text to communicate complex data and are widely adopted in news articles, online blogs, and academic papers. They provide graphical summaries of the data, while text explains the message and context. However, synthesizing information across text and charts is difficult; it requires readers to frequently shift their attention. We investigated ways to support the tight coupling of text and charts in data documents. To understand their interplay, we analyzed the design space of chart-text references through news articles and scientific papers. Informed by the analysis, we developed a mixed-initiative interface enabling users to construct interactive references between text and charts. It leverages natural language processing to automatically suggest references as well as allows users to manually construct other references effortlessly. A user study complemented with algorithmic evaluation of the system suggests that the interface provides an effective way to compose interactive data documents.
翻译:图表与文本齐头并进,以传递复杂数据,并在新闻文章、在线博客和学术论文中广泛采用。图表提供了数据图形摘要,而文本则解释信息与背景。然而,综合跨文本和图表的信息十分困难;它要求读者经常转移注意力。我们调查了支持数据文件中文本和图表紧密结合的方法。为了了解它们的相互作用,我们通过新闻文章和科学论文分析了图表-文本参考的设计空间。通过分析,我们开发了一个混合倡议界面,使用户能够在文本和图表之间构建互动引用。它利用自然语言处理自动建议引用,并允许用户不费力地手动构建其他引用。一个用户研究,辅之以对系统进行算法评估的用户研究表明,该界面为构建交互式数据文件提供了有效的方法。