Due to noisy actuation and external disturbances, tuning controllers for high-speed flight is very challenging. In this paper, we ask the following questions: How sensitive are controllers to tuning when tracking high-speed maneuvers? What algorithms can we use to automatically tune them? To answer the first question, we study the relationship between parameters and performance and find out that the faster the maneuver, the more sensitive a controller becomes to its parameters. To answer the second question, we review existing methods for controller tuning and discover that prior works often perform poorly on the task of high-speed flight. Therefore, we propose AutoTune, a sampling-based tuning algorithm specifically tailored to high-speed flight. In contrast to previous work, our algorithm does not assume any prior knowledge of the drone or its optimization function and can deal with the multi-modal characteristics of the parameters' optimization space. We thoroughly evaluate AutoTune both in simulation and in the physical world. In our experiments, we outperform existing tuning algorithms by up to 90% in trajectory completion. The resulting controllers are tested in the AirSim Game of Drones competition, where we outperform the winner by up to 25% in lap-time. Finally, we show that AutoTune improves tracking error when flying a physical platform with respect to parameters tuned by a human expert.
翻译:由于振动噪音和外部扰动,高速飞行的调控控制器非常具有挑战性。在本文中,我们提出如下问题:在跟踪高速飞行时,对调控控制器的敏感度如何?我们用什么算法来自动调控它们?为了回答第一个问题,我们研究参数和性能之间的关系,发现调控器越快,控制器的敏感度就越高。为了回答第二个问题,我们审查现有的控制器调控方法,发现以前的工作在高速飞行任务上往往表现不佳。因此,我们建议AutoTune,一个基于抽样的调控算法,专门为高速飞行量身定制。与以前的工作不同,我们的算法不会假定任何对无人机或其优化功能的先前知识,而是能够处理参数优化空间的多模式特性。我们在模拟和物理世界中都对自动调控管器进行彻底评估。在我们的实验中,我们比现有的调算法要高出90%的轨道完成率。因此,在AirSimone竞赛中测试了基于高速飞行速度的调控算法,我们最后通过飞行定位来改进了25号的飞行定位定位,从而显示人类的飞行定位。