The boundary element method (BEM) enables solving three-dimensional electromagnetic problems using a two-dimensional surface mesh, making it appealing for applications ranging from electrical interconnect analysis to the design of metasurfaces. The BEM typically involves the electric and magnetic fields as unknown quantities. Formulations based on electromagnetic potentials rather than fields have garnered interest recently, for two main reasons: (a) they are inherently stable at low frequencies, unlike many field-based approaches, and (b) potentials provide a more direct interface to quantum physical phenomena. Existing potential-based formulations for electromagnetic scattering have been proposed primarily for perfect conductors. We develop a potential-based BEM formulation which can capture both dielectric and conductive losses, and accurately models the skin effect over broad ranges of frequency. The accuracy of the proposed formulation is validated through canonical and realistic numerical examples.
翻译:边界元素方法(BEM)能够用二维表面网格解决三维电磁问题,从而吸引从电联分析到元表层设计等各种应用。BEM通常以未知数量涉及电磁场。基于电磁潜能的配方,而不是基于字段的配方最近引起了兴趣,主要原因有二:(a)它们与许多实地方法不同,在低频率上具有内在稳定性,以及(b)它们与量子物理现象有着更直接的界面。主要为完美的导体提出了现有的电磁散射潜在基配方。我们开发了一种基于潜在的BEM配方,可以捕捉到电离和导电损,并准确地模拟广频范围的皮肤效应。提议的配方的准确性通过直观和现实的数字示例得到验证。