Toll plaza is a designated area of controlled-access roads like expressway, bridge, and tunnel for toll collection. A number of toll booths are often placed at the toll plaza accommodating high passing traffic and multiple payment methods. Traffic and safety characteristics of toll plazas are different from that of other road entities. Different conflict risk indicators, which are usually longitudinal, have been adopted for real-time safety assessment. In this study, correlated grouped random parameter logit models with heterogeneity in the means are established to capture the unobserved heterogeneity, with additional flexibility, at road user level for the association between conflict risk and influencing factors. In addition, modified conflict risk indicator is developed to assess the safety of diverging, merging, and weaving movements of traffic, with which vehicles' dimensions (width and length), and longitudinal and angular movements are considered. Also, prevalence and severity of both rear-end and sideswipe conflicts are assessed. Results indicate that toll collection type, vehicle's location, average longitudinal speed, angular speed, acceleration, and vehicle class all affect the risk of traffic conflicts. Furthermore, there are significant correlation among the random parameters of severe traffic conflicts. Proposed analytic method can accommodate the conflict risk analysis for different conflict types and account for the correlation of unobserved heterogeneity. Findings should shed light on appropriate remedial measures like traffic signs, road markings, and advanced traffic management system that can improve the safety at tunnel toll plazas.
翻译:托尔广场是高速公路、桥梁和收费隧道等受控通道的指定区域。一些收费站往往设在收费站,以容纳高路途交通和多种支付方法; 托尔广场的交通和安全特点不同于其他道路实体; 为实时安全评估采用了不同的冲突风险指标(通常是纵向的),这些指标通常是纵向的,并且为实时安全评估采用了不同的冲突风险指标; 在这项研究中,建立了相关分组随机参数逻辑模型和手段上的异质性,以便在冲突风险和影响因素之间联系的公路用户一级,增加灵活性,以捕捉未观察到的异质性; 此外,还制定了经修改的冲突风险指标,以评估不同、合并和编织交通流动的安全性,并据此考虑车辆的尺寸(长、长、长)以及纵向和三角流动。此外,应评估后端和侧侧边冲突等冲突的普遍性和严重性; 研究结果表明,收集的种类、车辆位置、平均长距离速度、快速、加速度、车辆和车辆类型之间对等冲突进行补救性评估,并分析各种流动的随机性趋势; 各种趋势分析,可以影响各种道路交通风险。