We propose a novel and efficient lifting approach for the direct optimal control of rigid-body systems with contacts to improve the convergence properties of Newton-type methods. To relax the high nonlinearity, we consider all variables, including the state, acceleration, contact forces, and control input torques, as optimization variables and the inverse dynamics and acceleration-level contact constraints as equality constraints. We eliminate the update of the acceleration, contact forces, and their dual variables from the linear equation to be solved in each Newton-type iteration in an efficient manner. As a result, the computational cost per Newton-type iteration is almost identical to that of the conventional non-lifted Newton-type iteration that embeds contact dynamics in the state equation. We conducted numerical experiments on the whole-body optimal control of various quadrupedal gaits subject to the friction cone constraints considered in interior-point methods and demonstrated that the proposed method can significantly increase the convergence speed to more than twice that of the conventional non-lifted approach.
翻译:我们提出了一种新型高效的提升方法,以直接优化控制僵硬体系统,与接触方能改善牛顿型方法的趋同性。为了放松高非线性,我们认为所有变量,包括状态、加速度、接触力和控制输入矩形,作为优化变量和反向动态以及加速级接触限制的平等制约因素。我们取消了对加速度、接触力及其在线性方程中的双重变量的更新,这些变量将以高效的方式在牛顿型的每个迭接中解决。结果,每个牛顿型迭代的计算成本几乎与将接触动力嵌入州方形的常规非提升式牛顿型迭代的计算成本相同。我们进行了关于根据内点方法中考虑的摩擦锥制约对各种四重的全体最佳控制进行数实验,并表明拟议方法可以大大提高趋同速度,使其超过常规非升动方法的两倍。