Increasing design complexity and reduced time-to-market have motivated manufacturers to outsource some parts of the System-on-Chip (SoC) design flow to third-party vendors. This provides an opportunity for attackers to introduce hardware Trojans by constructing stealthy triggers consisting of rare events (e.g., rare signals, states, and transitions). There are promising test generation-based hardware Trojan detection techniques that rely on the activation of rare events. In this paper, we investigate rareness reduction as a design-for-trust solution to make it harder for an adversary to hide Trojans (easier for Trojan detection). Specifically, we analyze different avenues to reduce the potential rare trigger cases, including design diversity and area optimization. While there is a good understanding of the relationship between area, power, energy, and performance, this research provides a better insight into the dependency between area and security. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that area reduction leads to a reduction in rareness. It also reveals that reducing rareness leads to faster Trojan detection as well as improved coverage by Trojan detection methods.
翻译:设计日益复杂,时间到市场的减少,促使制造商将芯片系统设计流程的某些部分外包给第三方供应商。这为攻击者提供了一个机会,通过建造由稀有事件(例如稀有信号、状态和过渡)组成的隐形触发器,引进硬特洛伊木马。有希望的基于代试的硬件特洛伊探测技术依赖于稀有事件的启动。在本文中,我们把稀有性减少作为一种设计托拉斯解决方案,使对手更难隐藏特洛伊(Trojan探测的易易)。具体地说,我们分析了减少潜在稀有触发病例的不同途径,包括设计多样性和地区优化。虽然对地区、电力、能源和性能之间的关系有很好的了解,但这一研究提供了对地区与安全之间依赖关系的更好了解。我们的实验评估表明,减少稀有性导致稀有性减少。它还表明,减少稀有性会导致更快地探测特洛伊,以及改进特洛伊探测方法的覆盖范围。