We consider graphical $n$-person games with perfect information that have no Nash equilibria in pure stationary strategies. Solving these games in mixed strategies, we introduce probabilistic distributions in all non-terminal positions. The corresponding plays can be analyzed under two different basic assumptions: Markov's and a priori realizations. The former one guarantees existence of a uniformly best response of each player in every situation. Nevertheless, Nash equilibrium may fail to exist even in mixed strategies. The classical Nash theorem is not applicable, since Markov's realizations may result in the limit distributions and effective payoff functions that are not continuous. The a priori realization does not share many nice properties of the Markov one (for example, existence of the uniformly best response) but in return, Nash's theorem is applicable. We illustrate both realizations in details by two examples with $2$ and $3$ players and also provide some general results.
翻译:我们用纯固定策略中不存在纳什平衡的完美信息来看待以美元为单位的图形游戏。 通过混合策略解决这些游戏,我们引入了所有非终点位置的概率分布。相应的剧本可以在两种不同的基本假设下分析:Markov的和先验的实现。前一个假设保证每个参与者在每种情况下都有一个统一的最佳反应。然而,即使采用混合策略,纳什平衡也可能无法存在。古典纳什理论不适用,因为马尔科夫的实现可能导致限制分布和不连续的有效报酬功能。先验的实现并不分享马尔科夫一号(例如存在统一的最佳反应)的许多优点,但反过来,纳什的理论是适用的。我们用两个实例用2美元和3美元的玩家来详细说明这些成就,并提供了一些一般结果。