NOMA Versus Massive MIMO in Rayleigh Fading

This paper compares the sum rates and rate regions achieved by power-domain NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access) and standard massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) techniques. We prove analytically that massive MIMO always outperforms NOMA in i.i.d.~Rayleigh fading channels, if a sufficient number of antennas are used at the base stations. The simulation results show that the crossing point occurs already when having 20-30 antennas, which is far less than what is considered for the next generation cellular networks.