Recently, many Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS)-based blockchains have been widely used in decentralized applications, such as EOSIO, Tron, and Binance Smart Chain. Compared with traditional PoW-based blockchain systems, these systems achieve a higher transaction throughput and are well adapted to large-scale scenes in daily applications. Decentralization is a key element in blockchain networks. However, little is known about the evolution of decentralization in DPoS-based blockchain networks. In this paper, we conduct a systematic analysis on the decentralization of DPoS with data from up to 135,000,000 blocks in EOSIO, the first successful DPoS-based blockchain system. We characterize the decentralization evolution of the two phases in DPoS, namely block producer election and block production. Moreover, we study the voters with similar voting behaviors and propose methods to discover abnormal mutual voting behaviors in EOSIO. The analytical results show that our methods can effectively capture the decentralization evolution and abnormal voting phenomena in the system, which also have reference significance for other DPoS-based blockchains.
翻译：最近,许多有代表性的控股凭证(DPOS)制成的供应链被广泛用于分散应用,如EOSIO、Tron和Binance智能链等。与传统的PoW制成的连锁系统相比,这些系统实现了更高的交易量,并完全适应日常应用的大规模场景。权力下放是连锁网络中的一个关键因素。然而,对基于DPOS的连锁网络中权力下放的演变知之甚少。在本文中,我们用以DPOSIO为主的第一个成功的分包系统,即EOSIO为主的多达135,000,000个区块的数据,对DPOS的分包进行系统进行系统化分析。我们描述DPOS的两个阶段的权力下放演变,即制成生产者选举和区块生产。此外,我们以类似的投票行为对选民进行了研究,并提出了在EOSIO中发现不正常的相互投票行为的方法。分析结果表明,我们的方法可以有效地捕捉到系统中的权力下放演变和不正常的投票现象,这也对其他基于DPOS制成的连锁系统具有参考意义。
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