重型数控机床热误差监测与实时补偿新方法研究

项目名称： 重型数控机床热误差监测与实时补偿新方法研究

项目编号： No.51475343

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 周祖德

作者单位： 武汉理工大学

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 作为高端制造业的核心装备，重型数控机床的加工精度历来备受学术界和产业界的关注。影响重型数控机床精度的众多因素中，热误差以其作用的显著性、热-力耦合的复杂性以及扰动因素的随机性成为国际机械学科研究的热点。本项目面向高精度重型数控机床热误差监测与补偿的迫切需求，针对重型机床结构与热源复杂、多点多场监测以及温度随机扰动补偿困难的难题，研究1）重型数控机床发热行为、零部件热变形机理及热误差成因；2）面向重型数控机床的高精度光纤光栅温度测量方法与分布式测量准则；3）基于测量数据的温度场重建方法、温度（温度场）-热误差映射关系与重型数控机床热误差预报通用模型；4）基于嵌入式技术的实时补偿方法，建立一套重型数控机床的热误差监测与实时补偿系统，形成基于光纤光栅传感的重型机床热误差监测与基于嵌入式技术的实时补偿新原理和新方法。研究成果可为现代制造系统热误差监测与实时补偿提供重要技术支撑和开辟新的有效途径。

中文关键词： 光纤光栅传感；温度分布式测量；热-力耦合；热误差模型；实时补偿

英文摘要： As core equipment in high-end manufacturing field, the accuracy of heavy-duty CNC machining has always been concerned by academia and industry. Due to the significance of action, complexity of thermo-mechanical coupling and randomness of temperature disturbance, the thermal error which has become an international research hot spot in many factors which influence the accuracy of the heavy-duty CNC machine tools. Facing the complex instructures and multiple heat sources of heavy-duty machine tools and the chanllenge of multipoint and multifield,the proposal will research on the following aspects to satisfy the urgent requirements of thermal error monitoring and compensating. Firstly an approach to distributed temperature measurement and monitoring criteria are studied and a new method and theory are built up; secondly the mapping relationships and the transfer mechanisms between the temperature field and thermal errors of machine tools based on exploring the law of the multiple heat sources and the thermal errors; thirdly a method for thermo-mechanical decoupling and the general model about predicting thermal errors based on the data of monitoring temperature of some key points on machine tools is presented according to the accumulative mathematical model of thermo-mechanical coupling and thermal error transfer; at last a system is built up, which is able to monitor the thermal errors and compensate in real time, on the basis of studying on the method of embedded real-time compensation. The achievement will pioneer a new efficient way and will be used as a significant technology to support monitoring the thermal errors and compensating in real time for modern manufacturing systems.

英文关键词： FBG sensors;distributed temperature measurement;Thermo-mechanical coupling;thermal error modelling;real-time compensation