重金属胁迫下NO和ROS互作调控盐生植物应答反应的作用机理研究

项目名称： 重金属胁迫下NO和ROS互作调控盐生植物应答反应的作用机理研究

项目编号： No.31470464

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 杨颖丽

作者单位： 西北师范大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 一氧化氮（NO）和活性氧（ROS）作为胁迫因子或信号分子均参与植物生长发育和生理生态特征的调控，但它们互作调控植物对重金属胁迫应答反应的作用机理目前仍不清楚。本项目拟以西北盐生植物补血草和耐盐小麦等为材料，室内控制试验条件下，比较不同植物种子萌发、幼苗生长、抗氧化反应、渗透性调节等生理生态特征，揭示重金属的植物毒害机理及植物的适应机制；利用酶抑制剂结合凝胶电泳、Western blotting和荧光技术等手段，综合分析NO和ROS的产生、相关酶活性及基因表达的变化与生理生态特征的相关性；在此基础上，重点研究NO和ROS产生的相互影响及其互作介导植物对重金属胁迫应答反应可能的调控途径及作用机制。这些研究旨在揭示盐生植物适应重金属环境的生理生态机制及NO和ROS互作调控植物胁迫应答反应的作用机制，为西北盐碱地、重金属污染区植被生态建设过程中物种的选择提供依据和指导。

中文关键词： 重金属胁迫；盐生植物；一氧化氮；活性氧

英文摘要： Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most important ecological problems on the world scale. Stress conditions are known to induce the rapid and increased generation of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may lead to oxidative damage and severely threaten cell health. On the other hand, NO or ROS as a signal molecule is involved in growth and developmental process as well as plant responses to abiotic stresses. Moreover, in some cases, the effects of NO are the result of its interaction with ROS. Although the formation of NO and ROS has been well documented in the experiments of different plant systems, scarce information has been available on the regulatory roles of endogenous NO and ROS interactions on plant responses to abiotic stresses. Plants commonly face complex and volatile environment, and the determination of plant adaptation to different stress conditions is important to ecological reconstruction. Limonium aureum (L.) Hill and Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. are typical desert halophytes with the strong ability to resist salinity, alkalinity, drought, wind and dust, and they can efficiently fix moving sands. Drought-tolerant Longchun 27 is a wheat species widely grown in the north-west of China. In this study, these species are used to evaluate phytotoxicity mechanism and plant adaptive mechanism to heavy metal stresses by comparing seed generation, seedling growth and antioxidative responses, and so on. The changes of enzyme activities, protein content and gene expression due to NO and ROS production will be comprehensively analyzed to reveal the relationship of these two molecular generation and eco-physiological characteristics, and thus to determine the regulation function of NO and ROS on plant responses to stress conditions, through a number of control experiments combined with protein electrophoresis, Western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. On the basis of above analyses, further study mainly aims to evaluate whether or not the generation of NO and ROS influenced each other in plants, and to explore endogenous signal molecules associated with NO and ROS actions, thus to reveal the regulation approach and mechanism of NO and ROS interactions on halophyte responses to heavy metal stress. These studies aim to reveal physiological and ecological adaption mechanism of plants to heavy metal stresses, and to provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for further investigating the roles and the regulation mechanism of NO and ROS signaling as well as for carrying out species selection of veletation ecological recovering in saline-alkali and heavy metal contamination soil.

英文关键词： Heavy metal stress;Halophyte;Nitric oxide;Reactive oxygen species