基于遥感蒸散发与作物估产的灌溉及作物用水效率评价

项目名称： 基于遥感蒸散发与作物估产的灌溉及作物用水效率评价

项目编号： No.51479090

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 尚松浩

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 灌区灌溉水利用效率与作物水分利用率的定量评价是农业水资源高效利用的基础。以干旱区代表性灌区为研究区，综合遥感信息与现场试验、调查信息，发展适合非均匀下垫面特点且具有较强物理基础的灌区遥感蒸散发模型、基于遥感植被指数序列特征值的灌区主要作物分布遥感识别模型与遥感估产模型。在模型验证的基础上，利用模型计算分析灌区节水改造10余年来蒸散发的时空变化及主要作物空间分布、生育期与产量的空间变化及其年际变化，揭示灌区不同下垫面（特别是农田与天然植被）蒸散发、主要作物产量的动态变化特征、主要影响因素及其对灌区节水改造的响应。在此基础上，定量评价灌区灌溉水利用效率的年际变化与作物水分利用率的空间与年际变化，分析其主要影响因素及动态变化规律，提出提高灌区及主要作物用水效率的具体途径。

中文关键词： 遥感反演；蒸散发；作物产量；灌溉水有效利用；作物水分利用率

英文摘要： Quantitative assessment of irrigation efficiency and crop water use efficiency is the base for high-efficient use of agricultural water resources. Representative irrigation district in arid region will be taken as the study region, and data from remote sensing, field experiment and investigation will be used to develop three models for the study. These models are remote sensing-based evapotranspiration model for heterogeneous vegetated irrigation district, major crop mapping and yield estimation models based on characteristic values of the remote sensed vegetation index series. After model calibration, these models will be used in the study irrigation district for the past over 10 years since the irrigation district rehabilitation project. Spatiotemporal variation of evapotranspiration, spatial distribution and the annual variation of crop distribution, crop growth period and yield will be analyzed, so as to find the characters of dynamic variation, main influencing factors and responses to rehabilitation project for evapotranspiration at different land use types and yield of major crops. Moreover, irrigation efficiency and crop water use efficiency will be assessed quantitatively to analyze their dynamic variations and main influencing factors, and measures to increase irrigation efficiency and crop water use efficiency will be proposed.

英文关键词： Remote sensing retrieval;evapotranspiration;crop yield;effective use of irrigation water;crop water use efficiency