高精度无合作目标自适应FMCW激光绝对测距方法与关键技术研究

项目名称： 高精度无合作目标自适应FMCW激光绝对测距方法与关键技术研究

项目编号： No.51505113

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 时光

作者单位： 杭州电子科技大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 重大装备与大型科学仪器的制造维护对大尺度精密测量提出了越来越高的要求，激光测距作为大尺度精密测量的重要手段，具有非常重要的研究意义。调频连续波激光测距是一种大尺寸激光绝对测距技术，具有量程大、测量分辨力高、可实现无合作目标测距等优点。但是可调谐激光器的无跳模连续调制范围有限、光频调制线性度差以及线宽较宽等不足限制了FMCW激光测距的分辨力、精度以及量程。为了满足重大装备制造对大尺度精密测量的要求，本课题探索提高FMCW激光测距测量精度的新思路，研究内容主要包括：1.研究等光频间隔直接采样法，抑制由于激光调制线性度差导致的测量精度下降。2.研究激光器调制范围等效扩展的技术方法，突破激光调制范围对测距分辨力的限制。3.研究漫反射表面材质、颜色、纹理以及粗糙度等对调制信号光强、偏振态、相位以及噪声的影响，设计自适应测距系统，实现对远距离漫反射目标的高精度无合作目标绝对测距。

中文关键词： FMCW激光测距；绝对测距；无合作目标；等光频间隔采样；精密测量

英文摘要： Manufacturing of major equipment and large-scale science instrument maintenance put forward increasingly more high requirements for large-scale precision measurement. Laser ranging as an important method of large-scale precision measurement is therefore extremely important. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser ranging is a large-scale absolute distance measuring technology, with the characteristics of large measuring range, high measuring resolution and non- cooperative. However, the resolution and precision are limited, because of the performance deficiency of the tunable laser, such as limited mode hop free continuous modulation range, non-linearity modulation，broad line width. In order to satisfy the requirements of the large-scale precision measurement in major equipment manufacturing, in this project, a new method is proposed to improve the measurement accuracy of the FMCW laser range. The research includes: 1. The method of sampling the interference signal at equal optical frequency intervals is proposed, and the measuring error due to the nonlinearity of optical frequency modulation is eliminated. 2. The method of equivalent laser modulation range extending is proposed. Using this method, we can reduce the modulation range of the tunable laser without decreasing the resolution. 3. The influence of material, color, texture and roughness of diffuse surface to intensity, polarization, phase and noise of the modulated laser is studied. And adaptive ranging system is designed. Using this system, high precision non-cooperative target absolute distance measurement is realized.

英文关键词： FMCW laser ranging;absolute distance measurement;non-cooperative;equal optical frequency intervals sampling;precision measurement