纳米银在污水处理系统中迁移转化规律及对微生物活性影响机制研究

项目名称： 纳米银在污水处理系统中迁移转化规律及对微生物活性影响机制研究

项目编号： No.51308150

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 张照韩

作者单位： 哈尔滨工业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 随着纳米技术的飞速发展，大量纳米材料排放到城市水体中，对城市水生态环境及人体健康造成潜在的危害。本课题以城市污水处理系统中银纳米颗粒（Ag-NP）赋存状态与水平、典型环境行为与归趋、迁移转化规律及对水中微生物活性影响及机制为核心，考察活性污泥处理系统中Ag-NP的吸附解吸、生物吸收及转化、物理聚集、非生物氧化及转化等行为特征，探讨环境因子对其迁移转化的影响机制，获取行为特征参数；探明其在多相多介质中的传输过程、形态转化与分布规律，构建Ag-NP迁移转化归趋模型；考察Ag-NP对活性污泥处理系统脱碳、脱氮及除磷功能的影响规律，采用FISH、PCR-DGGE、荧光探针等微生物分子生态方法，从基因水平上揭示Ag-NP对活性污泥中微生物活性的抑制作用及分子机制。本研究为明确城市水处理系统中Ag-NP的存在状态及生态环境效应提供重要基础数据和支持。

中文关键词： 纳米银；活性污泥系统；污染特征；微生物活性；影响机制

英文摘要： With the rapid development of nano technology, a large amount of nano-materials were discharged into urban water, and caused the potential hazards to urban water ecological environment and human health. Focus on the occurrence state and pollution levels, typical environmental behaviors and fate, transportation and transformation law of silver nanoparticle in urban wastewater treatment system, and its influence effect and mechanism on microbial activity, the behavior characteristics of Ag-NP in activated sludge system, including adsorption/ desorption, biotic absorption and transformation, physical aggregation, abiotic oxidation and transformation, ect, were investigated, and influence mechanisms of environmental factors on Ag-NP transportation and transformation were explored to obtain the behavior characteristic parameters. The transfer process, speciation transformation and distribution law of Ag-NP in multi-medium were also studied to construct the fate model. The influence law of Ag-NP on the decarbonization, nitrogen removal and dephosphorization in activated sludge system were investigated, and the inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of Ag-NP on activated sludge microorganism were revealed on the genetic level by adopting the microbial molecular ecology methods, such as FISH, PCR-DGGE, and fluores

英文关键词： Silver nanoparticles；Activated sludge system；Pollution characteristics；Microbiological activity；Influence mechanism