全基因组关联分析解析普通菜豆重要性状基因位点

项目名称： 全基因组关联分析解析普通菜豆重要性状基因位点

项目编号： No.31471559

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 王述民

作者单位： 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 普通菜豆是最重要的食用豆类之一，在生产上普遍存在单产低、抗病性弱等问题。我国普通菜豆种质资源中蕴含有丰富的高产、抗病遗传变异，而全基因组关联分析已经成为解析种质资源中遗传变异的重要手段。基于普通菜豆种质资源，我们前期构建了全基因组关联分析群体（593份），并完成了表型初步评价。在此基础之上，本项目对关联分析群体进行低覆盖度（1-2 X）基因组重测序，构建普通菜豆单倍型图谱；通过对群体材料的两年三点（河南南阳、贵州毕节、黑龙江哈尔滨）的主要农艺性状精准鉴定，构建表型数据库；结合单倍型图谱和表型数据库，通过关联分析认识主要农艺性状（高产、抗病等）的遗传变异基础和功能基因位点的分布规律，发掘具有重要应用价值的等位变异和标记，为普通菜豆遗传改良和分子育种提供基因及标记信息，提升我国普通菜豆育种水平，也为其它豆科植物的基因组分析和功能基因发掘提供借鉴，促进豆科植物比较基因组学发展。

中文关键词： 关联分析；种质资源；遗传多样性；普通菜豆

英文摘要： Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, far ahead of other legumes.But there are some problems such as low yield,weak disease-resistance in the bean production.Common bean germplasm of China contains a great number of high-yielding, disease-resistant genetic variation, while, Genome-wide association study (GWAS) have emerged as a powerful approach for identifying genes underlying complex agronomic traits at an unprecedented rate. We collected a total of 539 diverse common bean varieties, including both traditional landraces, modern varieties, non-Chinese varieties and wild species, from major agroecological common bean regions. In 2013, we completed the phenotyping data sets collection from the two locations in Nanyang, Haerbin, respectively. In this project, we plan to resequence the genomes of the collected varieties with low-coverage (1-2×) on average to detect SNPs to construct a haplotype map of the common bean genome. We will perform extensive phenotyping of the germplasm population. The agronomic traits measured can be divided into three categories: morphology characteristics (7 traits), kernel traits (13 traits), and disease resistance (2 traits) in Nanyang, Haerbin and Bijie. Then, we will identify the genetic changes underlying phenotypic variations in common bean through GWAS, dissect allelic of important gene and develop excellent markers for breeding. The results of this project will enhance the level of common bean breeding, and promote the development of leguminous plant comparative genomics research.

英文关键词： Genome wide association studies;Germplasm resources;Genetic diversity;Common bean