基于宏基因组与转录组学的窖泥微生物群落结构与功能研究

项目名称： 基于宏基因组与转录组学的窖泥微生物群落结构与功能研究

项目编号： No.31270531

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 陶勇

作者单位： 中国科学院成都生物研究所

项目金额： 81万元

中文摘要： 浓香型曲酒的优劣，取决于酒窖中的微生物群落。所谓"老窖出好酒"，正是由于酒窖在长期固态发酵酿酒过程中逐渐形成了独特的微生态系统，其主要功能之一就是有机酸代谢。然而目前其群落的整体作用机制尚不清楚。该项目拟以剑南春酒厂的窖泥为研究对象，综合宏基因组与转录组学方法，系统分析老窖泥（100年）与新窖泥（5年）的微生物群落结构、基因组成份及转录丰度，阐明窖泥中参与有机酸（如己酸）代谢的重要的微生物类群及其代谢途径与调控模式。通过新、老窖泥的宏基因组与转录组数据的比较，同时结合其代谢中间产物分析，从群落与基因水平揭示造成二者功能差异的微生态学机制，为从根本上优化传统固态发酵工艺和提高生物转化效率奠定基础。 该项目首次综合利用宏基因组与转录组学方法研究窖泥微生态系统，既有助于全面认识窖泥微生物的群落结构和功能，同时也可为开发利用窖泥功能菌及其基因与酶资源提供新的思路。

中文关键词： 窖泥；微生物群落；宏基因组；宏转录组；酿酒

英文摘要： The quality of Luzhou-Flavor Liquor depends on the microbial community in the fermentation pit. Good wine can only be produced in aged pits, which is precisely because of a unique micro-ecosystem formed gradually in long-term process of brewing wine by solid-state fermentation for producing organic acids. However, the functioning mechanism of its microbial community on the whole still remain uncertain. In the project, the studies of microbial community structure, genomic compositions and transcription levels in new pit mud (5 years) and aged pit mud (100 years) in Jiannanchun Winery are carried out by coupling metqagenomic and metatranscriptomic approach, respectively, for elucidating the metabolic pathways and regulation pattern of key microorganisms involved in organic acid (eg. caproic acid) production within fermentation pit mud . Moreover, comparative analysis of metqagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from a new pit and an aged pit will be performed in combination with important metabolic intermediates from pit mud, which can reveal the reasons for the significant differences of their function on community and gene level, laying the foundation for the optimization of conventional solid-state fermentation process and improving the efficiency of biotransformation. The project, firstly integrating metqageno

英文关键词： Pit mud；Microbial community；Metagenome；Metatranscriptome；Brewing liquor