异质复合多壳层结构金属氧化物超级电容器材料的创制及规律研究

项目名称： 异质复合多壳层结构金属氧化物超级电容器材料的创制及规律研究

项目编号： No.51472244

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 杨梅

作者单位： 中国科学院过程工程研究所

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 本项目针对超级电容器电极材料存在的问题，从提高活性位点的有效利用和结构稳定的原则出发，以功能为导向进行结构和组成设计，采用模板法和表面调控技术相结合，实现异质多壳层结构金属氧化物(如MnO2-SnO2\Co2O3、NiO-Co2O3等)电极材料的可控合成，研究结构和组成对电容器性能的增强作用，实现最优电极材料的创制。通过多壳层结构，提高电极材料的有效比表面积和单位体积的有效活性位点，实现比容量、功率密度的最大化；利用不同壳层彼此支撑，保持材料结构的稳定，提高其循环寿命；通过不同金属氧化物的合理组合，充分发挥材料的协同效应，在保持功率密度的前提下提高材料的能量密度；通过中空结构，促进电解液离子在界面的传输能力；系统研究多壳层电极材料/电解质界面上电荷存储机理及关键影响因素，从而开发出一种兼具功率密度和能量密度、能够快速充放电、结构稳定、循环寿命好的超级电容器电极材料，为同类研究奠定基础。

中文关键词： 超级电容器；多壳层结构；金属氧化物；异质复合；电荷存储

英文摘要： Supercapaictors(SCs)or Electrochemical capacitors(ECs) have gained enoumous attention due to their higher power density and longer cycle life.Metal oxides as electrode materials exhibit much higher specific capacitance and better electrochemical stability. Facing the questions of the current electrode materials, transtition-metal oxides with multi-shelled heterostructure composed of nanoparticles are designed in this case.Electrochemical activity could be improved by these nanoparticles and the available specific surface, and the volume change and stress during discharge-charge process could be buffered and the tranfer rate of electrylote ions could be accelerated due to the hollow structue. Importantly, the structure could be mainteined by the different shells,thereby the stability cycle and life-span could be enhanced.Moreover,different component can bridge the performance gap between these materials and the high energy density could be gained as well as the high power density.Here, electrode materials of SCs will obtained with high specific capacitance and long spanlife. The relationship of structure, design and properties will be discussed. During the synthesis process, all factors affecting the structures and components (including the structure of the spheres, the thickness and component of the shells, pore structure and so on) will be controlled as much as possible. In order to raise the electron conductivity of materials, the preparation and properties of the oxides/cabon nanocomposite will be studied. The charge storage mechanism during the charge-discharge process will be carried out.

英文关键词： supercapacitor;multi-shelled structure;metal oxides;hetero composite;charge storage