电子垃圾中的钯在超临界流体中的溶出特性研究

项目名称： 电子垃圾中的钯在超临界流体中的溶出特性研究

项目编号： No.51278485

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 张付申

作者单位： 中国科学院生态环境研究中心

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 本申请拟开展电子垃圾中贵金属绿色回收方法的基础研究。以贵金属钯为目标元素，利用超临界流体解聚、萃取和熔化理论，通过超临界有机溶剂处理将电子垃圾中的有机高分子聚合物解聚回收单体，同时实现钯的富集。将通过两种方法提取回收富集体中的钯：（1）利用超临界NH3、CO2携带不同夹带剂和改性剂选择性地萃取、分离、回收钯；（2）根据电子垃圾中的钯以单质或合金形式存在的特点，利用超高温高压超临界水熔化单质金属的特性分离回收钯。将通过向超临界体系中导入氧化剂、电子供体探讨钯富集过程中高分子聚合物的解聚特性和污染控制效果，解析钯在不同超临界流体中的形态、价态变化特征，阐明钯的萃取机制，探知电子垃圾复合体系中其它金属对钯形态和萃取效果的影响，阐明交互作用机制；研究超高温高压超临界水中钯的熔化特性和解除超临界条件后的分离析出特征，确立分离回收方法，阐明相关机制与路径，为电子垃圾中贵金属的绿色回收提供理论指导。

中文关键词： 电子废弃物；贵金属；资源回收；超临界流体；污染控制

英文摘要： This application focuses on the basic theory study on green recovery of noble metals from e-waste, and palladium will be the target element. In the study, organic polymers in the e-waste will be decomposed and palladium will be condensed through supercritical organic reagents disposal based on the theories of supercritical fluids decomposition, extraction and dissolving. The extraction and separation of palladium from the condensed residue will be carried out through two routes: (1) extracting, separating and recovering palladium using supercritical NH3、CO2 accompanied by various carrying and improving agents; (2) separating and recovering palladium in ultra supercritical water, since palladium in e-waste exists as metal particle or alloy and metal element could be dissolved in ultra supercritical water. Various oxidizing agents and electron donors will be introduced into the supercritical system so as to examine the decomposing property and pollution control effect during palladium condensing process. The changing properties of palladium forms and bonds in different supercritical fluids will be analyzed, and the extraction mechanism of palladium will be elucidated. The influences of palladium forms and extraction effect by other metals in the e-waste complicated system will be examined, and interaction mechanis

英文关键词： E-waste；noble metal；resource recovery；supercritical fluid；pollution control