新型光栅生物传感器材料、制备和器件应用研究

项目名称： 新型光栅生物传感器材料、制备和器件应用研究

项目编号： No.50873054

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 王晓工

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 35万元

中文摘要： 衍射光栅传感器是将衍射光栅原理用于传感和检测的新研究领域。本项目利用偶氮聚合物表面起伏光栅制备和微接触软印刷相结合的方法，在玻璃基片等表面制备了高分子水凝胶表面起伏光栅。通过在光栅内部和表面固定酶、抗体和其它受体分子等，得到了具有传感功能的衍射光栅。当这种光栅与含被检测物的溶液接触时，被检测物分子如葡萄糖、抗原等会通过特征性相互作用引起水凝胶的膨胀和收缩。此过程会改变光栅尺寸以及与液相间的相对折射率。这些参数的变化可导致光栅衍射效率和衍射斑点位置的变化。因此，将分子间的生物、化学作用转变为可检测的光电信号。本项目系统研究了上述光栅生物传感器制备所需的材料和关键技术，如可制备水凝胶光栅聚合物材料的合成和结构优化，水凝胶光栅的功能化，酶、抗体和受体等分子的固定化，光栅周期、光栅宽度、光栅高度、光栅图案等的设计和精确控制等。通过实验研究，得到了不同类型的葡萄糖传感器、免疫传感器、pH 传感器等。在研究期间，还对多种有望用于光栅传感领域的新材料和新技术等进行了探索性研究，如石墨烯/偶氮聚合物分子复合材料、石墨烯/偶氮聚合物自组装多层膜、以及激光诱导偶氮聚合物表面自有序结构等。

中文关键词： 生物传感器；衍射光栅；聚合物；制备；理论

英文摘要： The general objective of this research is to develop novel grating-based biosensors concerning their material, fabrication and application. In the project, we have carried out the following researches. Surface-relief-gratings (SRGs) on azo polymer surfaces were prepared by irradiation with interfering Ar+ laser beams. Hydrogel gratings on glass, quartz and polymer surfaces were prepared by duplicating the photoinduced SRGs with soft-lithographic methods. The hydrogels were designed and prepare to contain enzyme, immobilizing antibodies and other bioreceptors. The grating biosensors showed sensing functions to glucose, antigen and other target molecules. When the porous gratings were dipped in the solution containing bioactive molecules, the target molecules adsorbed in the hydrogel grating surface or in the pores. The study demonstrates that this process can modify the grating parameters and refractive index of the gratings and lead to the variation of the diffraction patterns. By using a probe laser beam, the diffraction patterns can be detected and recorded in a computer. Therefore, the biochemical interaction can be transferred to the computer-treatable signals. The materials and key technology for fabricating the biosensors were thoroughly investigated in this study, which included synthesis of polymers for the grating fabrication, hydrogel grating surface activation, immobilization of antibody and other bioreceptor, grating fabrication and parameter optimization. On the basis of the experimental data of the grating biosensor, theoretical models were studied to describe the micro-mechanism and performance of the biosensors. At the same time, other materials and technology potentially usable for the grating sensors have also been explored, which include graphene grafted with azo polymer, layer-by-layer thin film of the graphene and azo polyelectrolyte, and self-structured pattern formation on azopolymer film surfaces. The outcomes of the research included scientific articles, materilas and prototype devices. Some patents will be applied in near future.

英文关键词： biosensor;diffraction grating; materials