地铁车站客流立体疏散链路约束机制与疏导策略研究

项目名称： 地铁车站客流立体疏散链路约束机制与疏导策略研究

项目编号： No.71473207

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 管理科学

项目作者： 马剑

作者单位： 西南交通大学

项目金额： 60万元

中文摘要： 地铁车站空间构成复杂，客流密集，一旦发生突发事件易造成群死群伤的严重后果。分析发现，地铁站客流疏散是受一系列水平和垂直方向疏散链路约束的自底向上的独特疏散过程。针对疏散链路约束机制问题，分析不同尺度的链路特征与车站空间结构的拓扑关系，研究疏散链路拓扑网络的构建方法；控制链路属性，开展疏散实验与实测，辅以事故资料收集获取基础数据，采用图像处理及RFID跟踪技术提取人员流动参数，结合统计力学方法，分析链路属性对人员运动行为、路径选择行为的定量影响，揭示客流疏散的链路约束机制；抽象链路约束规则，构建基于实证的客流疏散模型；分析实验结果校验模型参数，结合事故案例验证模型，开展系统动力学分析，研究约束参数的影响规律，探索疏散中拥堵形成与传播的规律，指导客流疏导设计，探讨兼顾效率与安全性的多模式协同客流疏导策略。研究成果有助于深入理解空间结构对疏散过程的动力学影响，可为客流管控提供科学依据和技术支撑。

中文关键词： 公共安全；人员疏散；行为特征；疏导策略；交通安全

英文摘要： The inner space configuration of metro station is relatively complex, while usually there are a large number of passengers in it, which in together makes the evacuation process under abnormal situations very dangerous. Passengers would be injured or even killed, causing serious casualties and property losses. Analyzing the evacuation process, it can be found that passengers can only make a successful evacuation from the bottom to the up ground level of the station by following the constraint induced by the these vertical and horizontal pathways. To explore how pathway constraint influences passenger evacuation process, we detail different features of typical pathways according to the scale of viewpoint. These features would further be compared to the inner space configuration to find out their topological connections, which would benefit the automatic construction of pathway network. We then design and perform different controllable experiments by controlling pathway features, collect information of available metro station evacuation in the past few years, and finally formulate database of passenger movement features. With these data, digital image process and RFID tracking method could be applied to extract passenger trajectory. These trajectories would be used to investigate passenger flow characteristics related parameters by adopting statistical mechanics analysis. The influence of pathway constraint on passenger movement characteristics, and on passenger route choice behavior as well would be investigated. Summarizing the pathway constraint rules, passenger movement model and passenger route choice model could be formulized. Further combining the movement model and the route choice model with the pathway network, we can build a three-dimensional evacuation model for metro station. To verify and validate the proposed model, the controlled experiments and observations would be used to test the basic assumptions and parameters. After that, system dynamics of the proposed model would be explored, case study of passenger evacuation would be performed. Phenomena such as congestion formation during passenger evacuation would be discussed to discover the effect of pathway constraint on the systemic dynamics of evacuation process. The results could be used to formulate efficient and safe egress design solutions. The present study would deepen our understanding of how inner metro space configuration influences the evacuation process, and could provide scientific bases to work out passenger flow guiding and controlling strategies during metro emergency evacuation.

英文关键词： Public safety;Evacuation;Behavior features;Egress solution;Traffic safety