内源微生物驱油的群体效应机制

项目名称： 内源微生物驱油的群体效应机制

项目编号： No.50804024

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 马挺

作者单位： 南开大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 我国许多油田均已进入注水开发后期，研发环境友好、可持续发展的采油技术，对国家资源的稳定具有极其重要的意义。内源微生物驱油技术以其油藏适应好、工艺简单、成本低等诸多优势，已成为微生物采油技术的重要组成部分。本项目以大庆油田高含水油藏中新201站采出液为研究对象，在岩心模拟实验的基础上，从微生物分子生态学、代谢生理学和分子酶学的角度，考察内源微生物及其代谢物在驱油过程中的群体行为和变化规律。结果表明：①#12289;内源微生物激活配方能显著提高功能菌生物量3－4个数量级，对原油有明显的乳化现象，厌氧微生物被激活产气，肠杆菌、假单胞菌和丛毛单胞菌是激活的主要细菌，甲烷螺菌和甲烷微菌是激活的主要古菌。②#12289;建立了一套适用于细菌趋油性研究的微观实验及分析方法，发现大庆聚驱后油藏内源微生物具有明显的趋油性，提高菌体表面疏水性和产表面活性剂能力，可提高内源微生物对原油的趋化性。③#12289;室内物理模拟评价可提高采收率7.55％，驱出液中总菌浓在第4天达到峰值10E8 cell/ml，且主要为不动杆菌、假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌。代谢产物分析表明：好氧菌群产物为鼠李糖脂和乙酸；厌氧菌群代谢产物为甲烷和多糖类物质。

中文关键词： 微生物驱油；内源微生物；趋油性；代谢产物；变化规律

英文摘要： Many oil fields of China have entered into the water injection development of late. So how to research and development of environment friends and sustainable development production technology has the extremely vital significance on the country's resources stability. Endogenous microbe oil displacement technology with its good reservoir adaptation, multi-pathways, strong synergistic effect, simple process and low cost advantages, has become an important part of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology. The project takes typical high water cut reservoir zhongxin201 in Daqing field along with the produced water as research object, and in the light of core simulation experiment results. This project investigated group behavior and variation of endogenous microorganisms as well as their metabolites in the process of oil displacement from the view of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Physiology and Enzymology. The results show that:①Endogenous microbe activation cultures can significantly improve the functional bacterial biomass 3~4orders of magnitude, the crude oil has the obvious emulsification, anaerobic microorganisms have been activated to produce gas, Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Comamonas sp. are the main bacteria of the activation, Methanospirillum sp. and Methanomicrobium sp. are the main archaea. ②This project has established a set of microscopic experiment and analysis method which suitable for bacterial chemotaxis research, and has discovered that reservoir endogenous microbe of daqing oil field after polymer flooding has apparent chemotaxis of oil, can enhance bacterial surface hydrophobicity , surfactant producing ability and improve the endogenous microbial chemotaxis of crude oil.③Indoor physical simulation evaluation can improve the recovery rate of 7.55%. The total bacteria concentration in the liquid out of the core can reach the peak of 3×8 cell/ml in the fourth day. Bacteria are mainly Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.. Metabolite analysis showed: the products of aerobic flora are rhamnolipid and acetic acid and the metabolites of anaerobic microflora are methane and polysaccharide.

英文关键词： Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR); Indigous microbe; Oil chemotaxis; Metabolites; Change rule