土壤重金属对微生物及抗生素抗性基因分布的影响及其机制研究

项目名称： 土壤重金属对微生物及抗生素抗性基因分布的影响及其机制研究

项目编号： No.81202174

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 预防医学、地方病学、职业病学、放射医学

项目作者： 朱静媛

作者单位： 郑州大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 抗生素抗性的全球蔓延是目前公共卫生的重点问题之一。环境中大量的微生物及抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）是临床致病菌耐药性全球蔓延的重要原因。环境重金属污染水平与抗生素抗性的关联为人们熟知，重金属暴露可导致环境中具有抗生素抗性的微生物分布增加。但重金属对土壤微生物种群、ARGs分布的影响与机制尚不明了。运用环境流行病学方法、全基因组扩增、16S rDNA序列分析及荧光定量PCR等方法，对重金属污染区和对照区土壤样本的重金属水平、土壤微生物种群构成和ARGs、可移动基因单元（MGE）含量进行对比分析，探索土壤环境中重金属对微生物种群、ARGs分布影响的规律及其可能的水平转移机制，对于更好地理解ARGs怎样进入临床致病菌具有重要意义，为更有效地提出抗生素抗性控制措施提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 重金属；抗生素抗性基因；土壤；微生物；可移动遗传单元

英文摘要： The spread of antibiotic resistance around the world is one of the most challenging problems in public health care. Environmental microbes and an unexpected density of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in the environment may be the important causes of the dissemination of antibiotic resistance around the world. Associations between the levels of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance have been noticed for a long time. The constant exposure to heavy metals can increase the frequency of environmental bacteria with antibiotic resistance. However, influences of heavy metals on prevalence of soil environmental microbiota and ARGs, as well as the genetic mechanisms are presently poorly understood. Using environmental epidemiologic method, multiple displacement amplification for the whole genome, and 16S rDNA- denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, heavy metal concentration, constitution of soil environmental microbiota and abundance of ARGs, MGEs in soil samples are comparing analyzed between area contaminated with heavy metals and control area. The aim is to elucidate how heavy metals might influence soil environmental microbiota and ARGs retaining and transmission, and to define genetic mechanisms that promote ARGs propagation, which is crucial for understanding how ARGs make their way into pathogens and developin

英文关键词： heavy metal；antibiotic resistant gene；soil；microorganism；mobile gene element