大蹄蝠交流声波复杂性的进化驱动力研究

项目名称： 大蹄蝠交流声波复杂性的进化驱动力研究

项目编号： No.31470457

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 江廷磊

作者单位： 东北师范大学

项目金额： 89万元

中文摘要： 语言的起源和进化已被认为是科学研究领域最难的问题之一。解决这一问题，必先弄清非人类动物交流声波的复杂性及其进化驱动力。迄今为止，对动物交流声波复杂性进化的解释，常见社群复杂性、生态复杂性和中性过程等3种互不排斥的经典假说。其中，社群复杂性假说受到大量的关注且获得充足的证据。然而，检验生态复杂性假说和中性假说的相关研究还很少,且稀缺同时检验3个假说的研究，这将导致对动物交流声波复杂性进化理解的片面性和不完整性。本研究以在中国广泛分布且主要依靠复杂的声信号在夜间活动大蹄蝠为研究对象，通过种群间比较和室内控制实验，构建其交流声波复杂性、社群复杂性、生态复杂性与遗传谱系之间的关系模型，揭示大蹄蝠交流声波复杂性的进化驱动力。研究结果将在动物交流、感官生态学和语言进化方面取得创新性成果，为进一步揭示语言的起源和进化以及动物文化多样性保护提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 蝙蝠；交流声波；社群复杂性；环境噪声；遗传距离

英文摘要： The origin and evolution of language is considered one of the more dif?cult problems in science. To answer the question, a necessary prerequisite is to understand the evolution of communicative complexity of nonhuman animals. So far, sociality hypothesis, ecological complexity hypothesis and the stochastic processes may be normally used to explain the evolution of communicative complexity. A large number of studies support the sociality hypothesis. However, few studies have tested the ecological complexity hypothesis and the stochastic processes, and very few studies have tested synthetically the three hypotheses, which will lead to understand unilaterally and imperfectly the evolution of communicative complexity. In this study, in the context of the large geographic scale of China, we selected the great roundleaf bat with complex acoustical signals to study evolution of communication. We performed simultaneously the comparative analysis among natural populations and the control experiments in laboratory, and constructed the relational models of communicative complexity, social complexity, ecological complexity and genetic structure, to elucidate the evolutionary drivers of communicative complexity in the great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger. Consequently, the study will show the innovative achievements in animal communication, sensory ecology and language evolution, and thus can provide scientific basis for revealing the origin of language and the conservation of animal cultural diversity.

英文关键词： bats;communication signals;social complexity;environmental noise;genetic distance