基于咬合力和食性的蝙蝠回声定位声波地理进化研究

项目名称： 基于咬合力和食性的蝙蝠回声定位声波地理进化研究

项目编号： No.31500307

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生态学

项目作者： 卢冠军

作者单位： 长春师范大学

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 揭示生物表型地理变化的驱动力是生态学与进化生物学核心目标。声信号作为动物社群交流和感知外界环境的关键感官形态，普遍存在地理变化，一直是研究地理种群间表型分歧的理想模型。蝙蝠占据夜空生态位，主要利用回声定位声波进行导航、捕食和社群交流。已有研究证实形态大小、气候差异和文化（遗传）漂变等能够导致其回声定位声波的地理变化，然而，咬合力和食性特征在维持声波地理变化中的生态作用尚不明确。本项目选择大蹄蝠和中菊头蝠为研究对象，野外录制回声定位声波，实测咬合力并收集蝙蝠粪便。结合传统粪便分析方法和高通量测序技术，获得其食性组成。基于相关分析与因果模型，明确回声定位声波频率与咬合力、食性特征的关系，从全新视角阐明蝙蝠声波地理变化的维持机制。研究结果能够揭示蝙蝠感官信号的生态适应，深入理解物种形成及其多样性维持机制，为生物多样性保育与管理提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 异域分化；恒频蝙蝠；进化权衡；三维图像；维持机制

英文摘要： Uncovering the causes and forces of population divergence in phenotypic traits is a fundamental goal in evolutionary biology and ecology. Acoustic signals are basic means for individual communication and environmental perception in animals. Animals’ acoustic signals often vary geographically and are considered as good models to explore evolutionary and ecological processes, such as population divergence. Bats occupy a nocturnal aerial niche, and produce echolocation signals for navigation, orientation and prey detection. Studies have confirmed that its geographical divergence resulted from body, climate and cultural drift. However, it is unclear whether echolocation signals were affected by bite force and feeding characteristics. Here, we studied geographical variation in echolocation of Hipposideros armiger and Rhinolophus affinis, to explore the relationship between echolocation call and bite force, feeding characteristics. We record the echolocation calls in the field, and collect the bats feaces. We get composition of feaces using the combination of traditional fecal analysis method and Molecular techniques. Based on the correlation analysis and causal model, to reveal the maintain mechanism for signals changes from a new view. The result can reveal the ecological adaption of sensory signals, and understand deeply the maintaining mechanism of species diversity, and provide theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and management.

英文关键词： Allopatric divergence;Constant-frequency bats;Evolutionary trade-off;Three-dimensional images;Maintaining mechanism