煤矸石聚空心微珠/铝硅酸盐聚合物复合材料的力学性能与吸附机理

项目名称： 煤矸石聚空心微珠/铝硅酸盐聚合物复合材料的力学性能与吸附机理

项目编号： No.51702184

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2018

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 闫姝

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 12万元

中文摘要： 铝硅酸盐聚合物具有特殊三维网络凝胶结构且分布着毛细孔道，具有一定的吸附及传导作用，在低成本成型复杂形状构件及污水吸附方面具有重要潜在应用价值，然而其本征脆性和低强度严重制约了该材料的广泛应用。本申请拟利用煤矸石聚空心微珠的高强度及吸附特性，将其引入铝硅酸盐聚合物基体中制备得到均匀分散的煤矸石聚空心微珠/铝硅酸盐聚合物多孔复合材料，获得兼具优良力学性能与吸附功能的多孔材料。系统研究聚空心微珠孔结构、含量和粒径对复合材料的显微结构、力学性能及和对重金属离子的吸附性能的影响规律，阐明复合材料的断裂机制与吸附机理，揭示材料组织、结构和性能三者之间的内在联系，为固体废弃物的回收利用及多孔铝硅酸盐聚合物材料的结构设计及功能优化提供理论依据和技术支撑。

中文关键词： 煤矸石聚空心微珠；铝硅酸盐聚合物；资源化利用；断裂机制；吸附机理

英文摘要： Geopolymer have attracted a lot of attentions for low cost forming complex shape components and water adsorption applications due to their three dimensional pore network structure. However, low mechanical properties and brittle failure nature of this kind of materials have limited their practical applications. In this project, based on the high strength and good adsorption properties of the coal gangue ploy-hollow sphere, we prepared the coal gangue ploy-hollow sphere/geopolymer composites with uniform distributed spheres, excellent mechanical properties and adsorption properties. We will investigate the effects of sphere pore structure, content and particle size on the microstructure, mechanical properties and adsorption performance of heavy metal ions of the composites, illustrate the strength and adsorption mechanism of the composite material, reveal the intrinsic relationship between composition, microstructure and properties of such kind of materials, and provide theoretical and technical support for recycling of solid waste, designing porous geopolymer and properties optimization.

英文关键词： Coal gangue ploy-hollow sphere;Geopolymer;Resource utilization;Fracture mechanism;Adsorption mechanism