构建基于核酸酶辅助信号放大策略的可卡因可视化传感器

项目名称： 构建基于核酸酶辅助信号放大策略的可卡因可视化传感器

项目编号： No.21505020

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 王宗文

作者单位： 福建农林大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 滥用可卡因不仅危害个人健康，而且危害他人，影响社会安全。因此，对疑似吸食可卡因人员的现场检测在戒毒、禁毒、打击毒品犯罪和维护社会治安等方面都有着极其重要的意义。目前，用于现场检测可卡因的产品多是基于免疫竞争法的检测试纸。这类试纸具有免疫分析法的通病，比如：灵敏度低、存在假阳性和批次间差异等。本项目拟构建一种高灵敏度、高特异性的可视化适配体传感器，用于体液中可卡因的快速检测。主要研究内容包括：首先，使用核酸酶特异性识别由可卡因引起其适配体的结构变化并酶解适配体，实现可卡因的循环利用，为构建高灵敏度传感器提供理论依据；其次，根据有、无可卡因时，适配体经酶解后链长不同对其所修饰纳米金稳定性的影响，构建一种高灵敏（检测限低于15 ng/mL）的可视化传感器；最后，构建固定核酸酶的便携式微流控芯片传感器，实现对唾液、尿液中可卡因的快速可视化检测。所构建的检测方法有望为其它毒品小分子的检测提供借鉴。

中文关键词： 可卡因；核酸酶辅助信号放大策略；纳米金；适配体传感器；微流控芯片

英文摘要： The abuse of cocaine leads to not only adverse health consequences but also endangers others, harming society. The rapid, on-site screening of cocaine is important for detoxification, drug control, the fight against drug-related crime and safeguarding social stability. Currently, the screening of cocaine is based on competitive immunoassay, and it usually takes the form of antibody-based test strips. Unfortunately, these immunoassay-based devices have the disadvantages inherited from the employed antibody such as poor specificity, high cross-reactivity, and batch-to-batch variation. The specific aim of this study is to develop a highly sensitive and specific, colorimetric aptamer-based sensor for rapid, on-site detection of cocaine in body fluids. Firstly, a high sensitivity is achieved by cocaine target recycling based on a specific recognition and digestion of nuclease on cocaine/aptamer complexes. Secondly, a new gold nanoparticle (AuNP) based colorimetric sensor (detection of limit below 15 ng/mL) is developed based on the product-resulted stability changes of modified AuNP in the absence or presence of cocaine. Thirdly, a nuclease-immobilized, micro-fluidic chip will be designed and fabricated to perform colorimetric on-site detection of cocaine in saliva and urine. We expect that our sensor platform and device can a successful prototype for developing/improving the screening of other drugs of abuse with high sensitive and specificity.

英文关键词： Cocaine;Nuclease-assisted signal amplification strategy;Gold nanoparticle;Aptamer based sensor;Micro-fluidic chip