层状硫属吸附剂的结构调控及对重金属离子的吸附解吸机理

项目名称： 层状硫属吸附剂的结构调控及对重金属离子的吸附解吸机理

项目编号： No.51278481

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 付明来

作者单位： 中国科学院城市环境研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 如何有效解决重金属污染问题、控制重金属对人体造成的潜在健康风险，开发高效去除与回收重金属技术已成为国内外环境工程领域研究的热点与难点问题。本项目拟以层状硫属化合物吸附剂的可控合成为基础，研究层状硫属化合物吸附剂的物理化学性质与化学组分、层间距以及元素化学计量比的关系，建立系列层状硫属化合物的可控制备方法，阐明与各类重金属优势作用的层状硫属化合物插层结构特性与重金属匹配的作用原理，揭示层状硫属化合物吸附剂选择去除重金属的作用机制，定性定量表达重金属对硫属化合物结构和形貌转化的影响效应与分子构效关系，建立基于插层捕获、离子交换、配位络合与晶格取代过程协同的微界面调控方法，构建层状硫属化合物吸附剂与重金属的回收利用技术原理与方法，该研究为重金属的污染治理与回收利用提供重要的科学依据和技术基础。

中文关键词： 层状硫属化合物；吸附剂；重金属；解吸；

英文摘要： How to reduce the pollution of heavy metal effectively, and control the potential health risks of heavy metals on the human body, which finally develop an efficient technology to remove and recover heavy metals, have become the focused issue in the field of environmental engineering all over the world. This proposal is based on synthesis of one promising adsorbent, layered chalcogenides, and intended to investigate the relations between physical chemistry properties of the adsorbent and chemical composition, layer-space and stoichiometric ratio of elements, which to establish the controllable preparation of series of layered chalcogenides. The intercalation structural characterization of layered chalcogenides and mechanism of matching various dominant heavy metals will be studied in order to reveal the selection of certain heavy metals by adsorbent. The effects of heavy metals on the structures and morphologies of layered chalcogenides and molecular structure-activity relationship also will be studied completely. The collaborative control based on the intercalation capture, ion exchange, coordination bond and lattice substitution will be established. The purpose of this proposal is to provide an important technology and theory for the pollution control and heavy metal recycle in practice.

英文关键词： Layered chalcogenids；adsorbent；heavy metals；desorption；