石油污染海域生态恢复过程中石油烃的降解与微生物群落结构变化的响应规律

项目名称： 石油污染海域生态恢复过程中石油烃的降解与微生物群落结构变化的响应规律

项目编号： No.21276047

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 刘秋

作者单位： 大连民族学院

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 石油泄漏严重影响和破坏海洋生态系统。目前，已知石油污染海洋的生态修复主要依赖于海洋习居微生物的作用，且这种生态修复和重建又是一个漫长而艰难的过程。本项目以2010年大连新港"7.16" 事故污染海域的海水和海洋沉积物作为研究对象，通过不同站位、连续时间内（5年）的数据分析，利用特异性引物（16S rRNA、ITS序列通用引物，alkB基因和C23O基因的简并引物），采用PCR-DGGE技术和T-RFLP技术，结合环境因素分析，获得大连新港石油污染海域微生物群落随石油烃降解的时间和空间动态基因图谱。揭示大连新港石油污染海域生态系统恢复过程中微生物群落结构的演替规律。同时富集筛选获得具有降解不同石油烃功能的海洋习居微生物,并对优异石油降解微生物的培养条件及其降解机制进行研究。本项目的研究结果对探讨利用微生物加速石油污染海域生态修复、有效监控污染的发生及污染物的消除过程及效果具有重要的科学意义。

中文关键词： 石油降解；微生物；多样性；群落结构；

英文摘要： The oil spill can seriously affect and damage the marine ecosystem.At present, It is well known that the ecological restoration of oil-polluted sea area largely depends on marine inhabitant microbe, and that the ecological restoration is a long and difficult process.The seawater and marine sediment polluted by oil spill in "7.16" Dalian Xingang accident in 2010 are taken as research object.Through analyzing the data of different sites from 2010 to 2015, designing and making use of the specific primers of 16S rRNA, ITS, alkB and C230 genes, with consideration of environmental factors, the dynamic gene map of the microbe communities composition in the time and space during the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon in the oil-polluted sea area of Dalian Xingang will be developed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLPs) methods.Meanwhile, the succession rule of microorganism species composition will be described during the ecosystem restoration of the oil-polluted sea area in Dalian Xingang.And the strains of marine inhabitant microbe which are able to degrade different petroleum hydrocarbon will be screened, and culturing conditions and degradation mechanism of the fine strains will be studied.The investigation re

英文关键词： Oil degradation；Microorganisms；Diversity；Population structure；