山溪鲵属物种对高海拔环境的适应性进化研究

项目名称： 山溪鲵属物种对高海拔环境的适应性进化研究

项目编号： No.31471971

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 熊建利

作者单位： 河南科技大学

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 适应性进化是进化生物学研究的核心问题之一。高海拔环境以低温和缺氧著称，其对高海拔环境生活的生物产生重要影响。因此，研究高海拔生物的适应性进化成为当前的研究热点。但目前的研究主要集中在分子方面，其他方面涉及较少。山溪鲵属(Batrachuperus)物种是中国特有、全球海拔分布最高、终生水栖的有尾两栖动物；不同物种海拔分布不同，且同种不同种群海拔分布相差较大，故其成为研究高海拔适应性进化的理想模型。本项目拟以山溪鲵属物种为研究对象，综合形态学、组织学、生理学和统计学等的方法和技术，从种间和种内两层面研究山溪鲵属物种的形态特征、生活史特征和生理特征的变化，结合环境资料探讨山溪鲵属物种对高海拔环境的适应性进化。本项目的开展不仅可了解山溪鲵属物种的生物学特性，明确其对高海拔环境的适应，而且也能为物种的形成、分布格局研究以及其他类群动物对高海拔环境的适应性进化研究提供参考资料，具有重要的科学意义。

中文关键词： 山溪鲵属；高海拔；适应性进化；小鲵科

英文摘要： Adaptive evolution is one of the key issues in evolutionary biology. High altitude environments are famous for low temperature and hypoxia, which play important effects on the organisms live in high altitude environments. So, the adaptive evolution of organisms in high altitude environments is the hotspot of biologist and evolutionary biologist. However, the present researches mainly focus on molecular level, and other levels (for example morphology, life history and physiology) have received little attentions. Batrachuperus species, endemic to China, are ideal model for studying adaptive evolution in high altitude environments because they are the highest altitude distributed salamanders and widely distribute in a range of altitude. In this project, the variations of the charactertics of morphology, life history, and physiology in Batrachuperus species will be researched by the methods of morphology, histology and physiology, and the adaptive evolution of Batrachuperus species in high altitude environments will be discussed combining the environmental data. The objectives of this study are not only understand the biological features of Batrachuperus species, the adaptive evolution of Batrachuperus species in high altitude environments, but also provide a foundation for the researches of speciation, distribution pattern, and adaptive evolution of other animals in high altitude environments. So, this research has an important scientific significance.

英文关键词： Batrachuperus;high altitude;adaptive evolution;Hynobiidae