半干旱区作物干旱致灾过程特征及其若干阈值研究

项目名称： 半干旱区作物干旱致灾过程特征及其若干阈值研究

项目编号： No.41275118

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 王润元

作者单位： 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 我国是全球干旱灾害发生最频繁的国家之一，抗旱减灾是我国防灾减灾工作的重要任务。受气候变化和水资源需求增加的影响，全球干旱灾害加剧，这对我国抗旱减灾工作提出了新的挑战。但是，如何确定干旱灾害开始和结束时间、量化旱灾严重程度等科学问题仍没有很好解决，严重制约着我国科学抗旱减灾工作水平和防灾减灾效果的提高。 本项目在已有主要关注于干旱灾害事件的时间平均状态和断面研究的基础上，通过农田干旱模拟对比试验，获取土壤水分、农田蒸散、作物生理生态、基本气象等直接观测资料，从半干旱区作物干旱致灾过程入手，研究作物特征指标、土壤水分和农田蒸散描述作物干旱灾害持续发展和阈值变化特征，分析气象因子对干旱致灾过程的影响规律，考察几种干旱指数评估半干旱区作物干旱灾害的差异及成因。 期望这项研究对解决定量描述作物干旱灾害严重程度、持续发展特征等科学问题有所帮助，并对我国科学抗旱减灾工作有所贡献。

中文关键词： 半干旱区；作物；干旱致灾过程；阈值；

英文摘要： China is one of the countries with most frequent drought, and drought disaster prevention and mitigation is always the important mission of Chinese. For the influence of climate change and growing water resource demand, the global droughts are exacerbating, which will make new challenges to the drought prevention and mitigation in China. However, scientific problems that how to define the beginning and end time of the drought events, and how to quantify the drought severity has not been answered well, which restrict seriously the improvement of achievements in drought prevention and mitigation scientifically. The averaged time state and cross-section state of drought events has been focused in the past researches. This study, besides this, will introduce the comparative test of field drought simulation, corresponding observational data of soil moisture, farmland evapotranspiration, crop physiological-ecological characteristics and meteorology directly, to analyze the drought. The primary aim of this study is to examine the process characteristics of disasters induced by drought, and then describe the continuous development of disasters, and determine several thresholds of drought indices, such as the index of crop-specific, soil moisture and farmland evapotranspiration. Moreover, the effects of meteorologic

英文关键词： Semi-arid area；Crops；Process of disasters induced by drought；Threshold；