常绿阔叶林碎屑食物网结构与养分级联效应的调控机制及其对环境梯度变化的响应

项目名称： 常绿阔叶林碎屑食物网结构与养分级联效应的调控机制及其对环境梯度变化的响应

项目编号： No.41271278

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 杨效东

作者单位： 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 碎屑食物网是森林土壤有机碳、养分资源和生物多样性集聚的复杂核心体，其与地上植物的相互反馈作用是维持生物多样性和驱动养分循环的动因。已有来自简单系统的食物网理论和假说难以解释热带和亚热带森林碎屑食物网的调控机制，少有的研究也忽略了地上虫食和地下捕食效应的交互影响。本研究拟选取两种不同气候带常绿阔叶林，采用野外调查和人工操控试验方法，在充分了解碎屑食物网结构、分布格局与生境关系的基础上，进一步结合植物多样性探讨资源调控与碎屑食物网各营养级物种（类群）的相互作用强度及其与生态过程的耦合关系，并分析地上虫食和地下捕食者蜘蛛在资源上行调控过程中可能产生的级联效应。融合水平和垂直二维方向的结果理解物种和功能群多样性在生态系统中的作用和价值。同时了解常绿阔叶林碎屑食物网结构和功能对环境梯度变化的响应格局。有望为预测多样性丢失所产生的效应或生物入侵对生态系统所带来的影响，以及生态系统恢复提供有力的支持。

中文关键词： 碎屑食物网；多样性；分解；级联效应；常绿阔叶林

英文摘要： Detritus food webs is a complex core for organic N, nutrient resources and biodiversity gathering in a forest ecosystem, together with feedback of land plants, they are critical to maintain biodiversity and nutrient cycling. All existing theories and hypotheses about detritus food webs were based on simple ecosystem, which is hard to explain the regulation and control mechanism of detritus food webs in tropical and subtropical forests. Although few studies had been conducted about detritus food webs in tropical and subtropical forests, they overlooked the interaction effects between herbivores on plant populations and cascading effect of predators. This research will focus on two kind of evergreen broad-leaved forests in two climate zones, by using investigation and manipulation experiments to survey the structure, distribution patterns of detritus food webs and the relationship with their habitats; then integrate with plant diversity to explore the interaction between resources control and the strength of different trophic levels (species or groups) in detritus food webs, and the relationships with their ecological processes; meanwhile, analyze herbivores on plant populations and possible cascading effect of predator spiders in bottom-up effects in resources control processing. Then we will probe into the funct

英文关键词： Detrital food web；Diversity；Decomposition；Trophic cascade effect；Evergreen broad-leaved forest