阻燃片状纳米晶透明分散体及其复合材料可控制备机制

项目名称： 阻燃片状纳米晶透明分散体及其复合材料可控制备机制

项目编号： No.21476024

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 有机化学

项目作者： 曾晓飞

作者单位： 北京化工大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 二维片状无机纳米晶体由于在材料燃烧时易形成皮-芯结构，易于阻隔空气，在航空航天、电子信息和军工等绿色高效阻燃领域具有重大的应用前景。但是结构稳定、可控分散性的阻燃纳米晶的制备技术是其在有机基体中应用的瓶颈和核心科学难题。本项目基于奥斯特瓦尔德熟化机制和取向接合生长理论，拟采用超重力技术结合相转移的方法制备透明阻燃纳米晶液相分散体，研究超重力环境下颗粒的生长机制，从而指导结构稳定、易分散的阻燃纳米晶的超重力法可控制备；采用原位聚合表层共挤/辐照或水相共混涂覆的方法制备高效阻燃纳米复合纤维材料，研究纳米晶和纤维基体界面作用机制以及晶体颗粒在基体中分散性对复合材料阻燃和力学等性能的影响，并指导具有目标导向可控分散性的阻燃纳米晶的制备。揭示片状纳米晶及其透明分散体的稳定形成机制，创制高效阻燃纳米复合纤维材料体系，为片状阻燃纳米晶及其透明分散体的重大应用提供理论指导。

中文关键词： 生长动力学；纳米材料；透明分散体；阻燃；聚酯

英文摘要： Two-dimensional inorganic nanocrystals are efficient flame retardants when they are introduced into polymer matrices to fabricate the organic-inorganic nanocomposites. The nanocomposites with two-dimensional nanocrystals are apt to form the peel-core structure to block the air in burning, which provides promising application in the fields of aerospace, electronic information and military project, etc. However, how to prepare the retardant nanocrystal with stability structure and controllable dispersion is the key challenge of innovation of new generation of organic-inorganic nanocomposites.In this proposal, the transparent dispersion of fire retardant nanocrystals in liquid solvents will be synthesized by our proposed novel high-gravity reaction coupled with phase transfer technology. Based on the theories of Ostwald ripening and oriented attachment, the mechanisms to describe crystal growth will be studied in high-gravity environment, and the easily dispersed nanocrystals with high-effective flame retardant property will be prepared. By incorporating the nanocrystal into fiber, the nanocomposite fiber with efficient fire retardant property will be fabricated by means of in-situ polymerization and surface layer co-extrusion or blending with water paint and coating. The mechanism of the interfacial reaction between nanocrystal and fiber matrix will be investigated, and the effect of dispersion state of nanocrystal in fiber matrix on the flame resistance and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite will be explored, which would provide theoretical and technical fundament for the applications of flame retardant nanocrystal and its transparent dispersion.

英文关键词： Growth kinetics;Nanomaterials;Transparent dispersion;Fire resistance;Polyester