基于光线追迹的大口径天文望远镜快速装调方法研究

项目名称： 基于光线追迹的大口径天文望远镜快速装调方法研究

项目编号： No.11503045

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 张晓明

作者单位： 中国科学院国家天文台

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 光学天文望远镜在安装、日常运行、维护中难免会产生各种失调量，从而造成成像质量下降。为了保证天文观测的质量和效率，必须及时对望远镜进行装调。但是，对于大口径天文望远镜，大多野外观测站缺少相应的装调设备。同时，野外环境条件对常见装调方法也有诸多限制。从而使装调变得困难且费时，这将直接影响天文观测时间。.为了有效减小天文望远镜装调的工作量，提高装调效率，本项目将基于光线追迹理论研究大口径天文望远镜快速装调的方法。通过分析国内各台址的视宁度及天文观测对成像质量的需求，确定装调需要达到的精度。进而基于光线追迹理论建立数学模型研究适用于轴对称天文望远镜的装调方法。然后，根据理论分析结果进行望远镜快速装调设备的设计和优化。最后进行装调过程的量化分析和研究。本研究的目标是制造出可以适用于轴对称天文望远镜的装调设备，只需2到3人便可携带整套设备在一天内完成装调工作，装调后成像质量达到当地视宁度。

中文关键词： 光学望远镜；光学系统优化设计；装调误差；光学测试；快速测量

英文摘要： The misalignment of the telescope produced by installation, daily operation and maintenance could result in imaging quality decreased. In order to ensure the quality and efficiency of astronomical observations, must alignment the telescope as soon as possible. However, for large aperture telescope, most field observation station is lack of corresponding alignment equipment. At the same time, the condition of the field environment also has many restrictions on the common alignment method. So that the alignment was difficult and time-consuming. And astronomical observation time will be affected..In order to reduce the workload of telescope alignment and improve the alignment speed, this project will study on the rapid alignment method of the large aperture astronomical telescope based on ray trace. Firstly, determine the alignment required accuracy according to the analysis of the seeing of each domestic observation station and the imaging quality demand of astronomical observation. And then, study on the alignment method of the axisymmetric astronomical telescope based on ray trace. Thirdly, design and optimization of the fast alignment device of the telescope according to the theoretical analysis results. Finally, make quantitative analysis on the alignment process. The research results expected are that the alignment devices could be conveniently carried by one person, and the alignment work would be finished just by two or three persons in one day, and the imaging quality of the telescope after be aligned could achieve local seeing.

英文关键词： Optical telescope;Optimization design of optical system;Misalignment ;Optical teseting;Fast measurement