项目名称: 野外移动机器人自主定位与误差修正方法研究
项目编号: No.61305111
项目类型: 青年科学基金项目
立项/批准年度: 2014
项目学科: 自动化技术、计算机技术
项目作者: 祝辉
作者单位: 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院
项目金额: 25万元
中文摘要: 野外移动机器人需要在非结构化环境中进行数十至数百公里移动,一旦卫星或其它有源信号被破坏,就必须完全依靠自身定位才能找到目标位置。目前不依赖有源信号的导航定位系统仅在导航方面能满足需求,但定位精度随时间推移及行驶距离增大存在不断积累的系统误差和随机误差。本项目提出一种在大距离行驶过程中嵌入多个小距离路段的闭环修正方法,在机器人大距离行驶中设定多个节点,在节点处机器人走过一个小距离的特定地图形成闭环,运用多元线性回归的方法,根据机器人在封闭地图上走过的观测数据,获得移动机器人系统误差的影响因素参数;同时,利用移动机器人通过封闭地图中状态空间传播的随机误差样本,近似计算移动机器人定位误差的后验概率密度,实现对随机误差模型的建立和误差估计,进而对大范围移动机器人定位的随机误差进行修正。项目预期将为移动机器人在野外环境下定位提供一种完整、有效的误差修正方法,为机器人大范围自主定位提供理论支持。
中文关键词: 移动机器人;自主定位;误差修正;航迹推算;地图匹配
英文摘要: Field mobile robot needs to move tens to hundreds of kilometers in unstructured environments, once the satellite or other active signal is damaged, which have to entirely rely on autonomous positioning in order to find the location of the target. At present navigation and positioning without active signal can only the navigation demand, however, accumulated system error and random error exists in positioning accuracy with the time passing by and the increase in the driving distance.This project proposes a closed-loop correction method, with multiple small distances embedded in a long-distance driving process. It means, multiple nodes are set in a large distance driving process of the robot, which moves a small-distance specific map to form a closed-loop at the nodes, and the influencing factor parameters of the mobile robot system error is derived by using the multiple linear regression method according to the observational data of the robot in the enclosed map. Meanwhile, random error samples which the mobile robot spreads through state space in the enclosed map are used to approximately calculate the posterior probability density of the mobile robot positioning error in order to establish the random error model and estimate the error, thus realize the random error correction for wide-range mobile robot. The pr
英文关键词: Mobile robot;Initiative position;Error correction;Dead reckoning;Map matching