空间矢量天线信号达波方向估计方法研究

项目名称： 空间矢量天线信号达波方向估计方法研究

项目编号： No.11203042

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 陈林杰

作者单位： 中国科学院国家天文台

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 由于地球电离层的反射和吸收作用，以及大量存在的人为干扰，在甚低频频段(低于30MHz)，基于地基射电望远镜对宇宙射电辐射进行观测很难或者几乎不可能，空间射电望远镜成为了惟一的选择。甚低频频段，作为最后几个未被观测的频段之一，潜在的科学发现使得它成为目前射电天文研究的热点。三阵子(Tripole)天线，作为矢量天线，它能够测量三维电场分量，抑制干扰，不同于空间分布的天线阵列，利用单个天线即可实现对电磁波的达波方向估计，确定源的位置。本项目利用矢量天线对空间电磁波的观测，计算电磁波三维极化特性参数，进而得到入射波极化椭圆的空间方向。多个来自不同方向的信号源可以被同时进行测量，从而实现信号的达波方向估计。拟对不同射电信号的特性进行分析，提出不同的方向估计算法。同时，将提出优化的天线测量方案，对结果建立数值模型，实现对非理性情况下天线方向估计的校准。进而，把相关的研究结果扩展应用到其他领域。

中文关键词： 甚低频；矢量天线；达波方向估计；高能宇宙射线探测；天线阵列

英文摘要： Due to the absorption and scattering in the Earth's ionosphere, and the strong artificial interferences existing on the Earth, it is very difficult or unachievable to observe very low frequency(VLF) radio emissions from the sky with terrestrial telescopes. The only possibility to open up this window of the EM spectrum is a spaced-based telescope. The VLF region, as one of the last unexplored frequency band, the potential scientific outcome make it being a highligh in radio astronomy. Tripole antenna, as a vector antenna, it can measure the electrical field in three dimensions, and protect the desired signal from interferences, unlike the antenna array, with single tripole antenna, it is able to estimate the direction of arrival of the signals. In this work, we will analyze the 3-dimension polarizations of the radio sources based on the observations with the vector antenna, then get the direction of the polarization ellipse of the incident waves. For the different radio signals with different characteristics, it is planned to present different algorithms to localize the directions. At the same time, we will optimize the measurement scheme of the antenna, and build models with the measurement results, which will be used to calibrate the estimation of the directions. And then these estimtion methods will be applied

英文关键词： Very Low Frequency；Vector Antenna；DOA；UHE Cosmic Ray Detection；Antenna Array