高速列车尾流特性及形成机理研究

项目名称： 高速列车尾流特性及形成机理研究

项目编号： No.51205418

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 机械工程学科

项目作者： 熊小慧

作者单位： 中南大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 列车高速运行时，其表面边界层在列车尾部产生分离，形成列车尾流，其主要特征表现为复杂的非定常漩涡流动。列车尾流威胁轨道旁人员和站台旅客安全，影响列车运行空气阻力，引起尾车周期性震荡，严重影响列车运行安全性、经济性和旅客乘坐舒适性。本项目拟采用大型列车空气动力性能动模拟实验装置，结合基于脱体涡（DES）的非定常数值计算方法，研究列车高速运行时列车尾部流场特性，得到列车尾部速度场、压力场以及涡量场的能量分布、频率特征以及各阶模态的演化规律；探析列车尾部非定常流动机理，获得列车尾部形状、列车编组长度及运行速度对尾车所受非定常气动载荷的影响规律；为发展高速列车气动设计理论和方法提供科学支撑。

中文关键词： 高速列车；空气动力学；尾流；列车风；阻力

英文摘要： When the surface boundary layer around the high-speed train separates at the rear of the train and the wake flow will emerge. The flow in the wake behind the high-speed train is complex,three-dimensional,time dependent,turbulent and contains a large range of length and time scales vortices.The flow structure in the wake flow threatens the safety of the trackside worker and passengers standing on platforms. At the same time the flow structure in the wake affects the drag force of the train and leads to excitation of oscillations of the last coach around the longitudinal axis,which will seriously affect the running safety,economy of the train and the riding comfort of the passengers. The project is planned to study the flow structure and characteristics in the wake flow behind the high-speed train. A large-scale moving model train test device on the train aerodynmic,combining the unsteady numerical methods based on the detached eddy simulation(DES) will be adopted in this research. At the same time, the energy distribution, frequency characteristics and evolution law of differnet modes of the velocity field,pressure field and vorticity field in wake flow will be gained,when high-speed train runs. The unsteady flow mechanism in wake flow will be analysed. And the influencing law of the train tail shape,train leng

英文关键词： high-speed train；aerodynamics；wake flow；slipstream；drag force