量子计量学前沿研究

项目名称： 量子计量学前沿研究

项目编号： No.91536108

项目类型： 重大研究计划

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 范桁

作者单位： 中国科学院物理研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 量子计量学是量子信息和精密测量的交叉融合研究方向，主要是利用量子物理和量子信息的原理，以期获得超越标准量子极限的测量精度，并应用量子技术实现各种精密测量任务。量子计量学是一个新兴的领域，有广阔应用前景同时关注基础物理问题，国内外的发展非常迅速。我们计划系统研究量子计量学，涵盖研究超越经典和标准量子极限的海森堡极限和其它量子极限，达到这些量子极限测量精度所需要的量子态和量子测量方法，以及对这些极限有影响的退相干及其它因素。探索各种基础物理科学问题如相对论效应和宇宙暴涨的量子测量极限及测量方案。特别我们以量子时钟比对为重要方向，关心实用化量子时钟比对方案，考虑地球引力影响的星地间时钟量子比对研究，探索下一代量子时钟网络系统所具有的潜在量子优势及各种方案。我们关注量子计量学的实际应用和在各种量子信息实验平台的实验验证和原理演示。

中文关键词： 量子计量学；海森堡极限；量子纠缠态；量子时钟比对；量子退相干

英文摘要： Quantum metrology is an interdisciplinary research area between quantum information science and metrology research. The aim of quantum metrology is to achieve the ultimate quantum limit of precision in measurement which is beyond the classical and the standard quantum limits. Also it is to perform precision measurement by using quantum technologies in various tasks. Quantum metrology is a new developing research direction. It can be widely used for various practical problems and also concerns the fundamental problems of quantum physics. The research of this area develops fast and has been attracting a lot of attentions. We propose to do research systematically the quantum metrology. Our research will cover the Heisenberg limit and other variants of quantum limit in precision measurement which is beyond the classical limit and the standard quantum limit. It is also important to know the conditions about quantum states and method of quantum measurement to saturate those limits. Also it is interesting to know the effects of decoherence. We plan to study the quantum limit of precision in studying the fundamental scientific problems such as the relativistic effects and the inflation of universe. In particular, we will also concentrate on the quantum clocks synchronization, pay attention on the practical aspects and the effects of satellite-based quantum clocks synchronization. Here we should consider the effects of gravity of the Earth. We will try to investigate schemes of quantum clocks network. Additionally, we will pay attention on the implementation of schemes of quantum metrology and their demonstration in experiments.

英文关键词： quantum metrology;Heisenberg limit;quantum entanglement;quantum clock synchronization;quantum decoherence