基于光子数可分辨探测的量子高精密相位测量的理论和实验研究

项目名称： 基于光子数可分辨探测的量子高精密相位测量的理论和实验研究

项目编号： No.11474050

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 龚彦晓

作者单位： 南京大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 量子高精密相位测量可以突破经典物理允许的标准量子极限，并达到海森堡极限，是目前研究的热点。在很多的干涉装置中，传统光强探测方法由于不能从相位探测光得到足够的相位信息，因此不能突破标准量子极限，而光子数可分辨探测方法能够获得更全面的相位信息，因此可以突破标准量子极限，并逼近海森堡极限，而且这种测量方法得到的测量精度不依赖于未知相位的变化，与光强探测只能在特殊相位才能获得最优测量精度相比，有很大的优势和实际意义。本项目拟研究基于光子数可分辨探测的量子高精密相位测量，利用经典光与非经典光的干涉设计新型干涉仪，通过优化输入态和测量算符的选择，实现突破标准量子极限并逼近海森堡极限的相位测量；将在理论上设计一系列方案，进一步完善最优化相位估计理论，并在实验上实现部分方案；还将分析光子损耗、噪声对测量算符和测量精度的影响，设计对光子损耗、噪声容忍度大的相位测量方案。

中文关键词： 量子光学；量子纠缠态；量子相干；量子测量；量子信息处理

英文摘要： Quantum high-precision phase measurement can beat the standard quantum limit and reach the Heisenberg limit, and thus has aroused a great interest. In many interferometer setups, since the traditional intensity measurement cannot get enough phase information from the phase-sensing light, the standard quantum limit cannot be beaten. However, photon-number-resolving based measurement can obtain more phase information, so the standard quantum limit can be beaten and the Heisenberg limit can be achieved, and moreover, the phase sensitivity does not depend on the unknown phase. This feature, in contrast to the phase-dependent sensitivity when using intensity measurement, has a great advantage and is of practical importance. This project is to make research on the high-precision phase measurement based on photon-number-resolving detection, which can beat the standard quantum limit and approach the Heisenberg limit, by designing new interferometers with the interference of classical and nonclassical lights, optimizing the initial quantum states and measurement operators. This project is to propose several schemes and further develop the phase estimation theory. Some schemes will be realized in experiment. We will also investigate the affection of photon loss and noise on the measurement operators and sensitivity, and design some schemes robust to photon loss and noise.

英文关键词： quantum optics;quantum entangled state;quantum interference;quantum measurement;quantum information processing