我国黄曲霉遗传多样性、产毒特征及其地理分布的研究

项目名称： 我国黄曲霉遗传多样性、产毒特征及其地理分布的研究

项目编号： No.31270539

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 王龙

作者单位： 中国科学院微生物研究所

项目金额： 79万元

中文摘要： 黄曲霉是黄曲霉毒素的主要产生菌，也是动、植物条件致病菌且广泛分布于自然界。其菌株间在形态学、生理学和某些遗传学性状上差异很大，存在着多个隐存种和不同种群。黄曲霉某些类群的划分并不明确，有些类群的产毒特征也存在歧义。黄曲霉高产毒类群通常分布于热带和高温干旱地区。由于气候异常变化，温带地区正在受到高产毒类群的侵袭。因此系统调查我国黄曲霉遗传多样性、建立准确的黄曲霉各隐存种和种群与其产毒特征和地理分布的关系具有重要意义。本研究将分析我国三个温度带24省区不同环境中分离的黄曲霉菌株结合国际典型菌株和模式菌株，采用形态学、分子系统学、生理学和ISSR等分析方法从以下3个方面进行探讨：1.明确黄曲霉各隐存种和种群的划分。2.阐明我国黄曲霉各隐存种和种群种类及其产毒特征。3.揭示黄曲霉各隐存种和种群在我国不同地区和环境的分布。该结果将为我国黄曲霉的防控和粮食安全的评估提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 多样性；遗传标记；真菌毒素；种系学；

英文摘要： A. flavus is not only a group of widely distributed saprobic,but also pathogenic and aflatoxin-producing fungi.The diversity of its isolates are distingushable based on morphological, physiological and some genetic characters. There exist different cryptic species and populations. The ambiguities in discriminating certain groups still remain unsolved,and the toxin-producing characters of certain goups are not well characterized. The toxic groups are usually distributed in tropical and arid areas with high temperature. But due to global unseasonal climate change,temperate areas are under the treats of these fungi. Most areas of China are located in the temperate, warm and subtropical zones. Predictablly,these areas will be facing the threats of these toxic groups.It is an urgent and important task to recognize different cryptic species and populations of A. flavus along with their toxin-producing characters and geographic distribution in China. Based on the isolates selected from different areas and environments of the three temperature zones along with the typical and type cultures, using the integrity of morphological, physiological and molecular methods,this study will focus on three issues: 1. To clarify different cryptic species and populations of A. flavus.2. To understand different cryptic species and po

英文关键词： diversity；genetic markers；mycotoxins；phylogenetics；