水稻萜类代谢物对褐飞虱的间接和直接防御作用研究

项目名称： 水稻萜类代谢物对褐飞虱的间接和直接防御作用研究

项目编号： No.31200208

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 微生物学、植物学

项目作者： 刘才香

作者单位： 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 褐飞虱是水稻的主要害虫之一，种植抗褐飞虱的水稻品种是防治褐飞虱最有效和最环保的策略。水稻抗褐飞虱的机理至今未得到很好的阐明，导致抗虫育种工作进展缓慢。萜类代谢物参与植物对虫害的防御应答。萜类主要包括单萜、倍半萜和二萜。单萜和大多数倍半萜是植物挥发物的主要成分，它们引诱昆虫的捕食者或者寄生虫，在植物对虫害的防御应答中起间接防御作用，而二萜和小部分倍半萜则对昆虫具有抗生性，起直接防御作用。我们发现在褐飞虱取食诱导下，萜类生物合成途径在抗感水稻品种中出现了不同的表达模式。我们认为抗感水稻品种受褐飞虱取食诱导后萜类代谢物的含量和组成差异是导致不同的水稻品种对褐飞虱的抗性差异的重要机制之一。本课题拟围绕近等基因系的抗感水稻品种中萜类代谢物和相应的萜类合成酶基因对褐飞虱的间接和直接防御作用展开研究，以期阐明水稻中萜类代谢物对褐飞虱的抗性机理，为褐飞虱的防治提供新的策略，同时推动抗虫育种工作前进。

中文关键词： 水稻；褐飞虱；代谢组学；小麦；抗穗发芽

英文摘要： The brown planthopper(BPH) is one of the most destructive pests of rice. For rice crops, growing resistant rice varieties is the most effective and friendly way to control BPH. However, how rice plants defend against BPH is still poorly understood which made breeding resistant rice varieties progress slowly. Ample evidence has accumulated in the last few years indicating that plant terpenoids involve in defense against insects.Terpenoids are the most large category of plant secondary metabolites falling into three major groups: monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. Monoterpenes and the most of sesquiterpenes are usually the majority of plant volatiles, and they release after insect feeding and function in indirect plant defense by attracting predators and/or parasitoids that are natural enemies of feeding herbivores. Diterpenes and a small amount of sesquiterpenes play direct defense by antibiosis mechanism affecting the growth, development and reproduction of feeding herbivores. We found that terpenoid biosynthetic pathways showed different responses to BPH attack in resistant and susceptible rice varieties. We are convinced that the differences in the content and constituent of terpenoids between resistant and susceptible rice plants in response to BPH attack is the important mechanism of rice varieties

英文关键词： rice；brown planthopper；metabonomics；wheat；pre-harvest sprouting resistance