考虑微地形的坡面水文非线性化耦合机理研究

项目名称： 考虑微地形的坡面水文非线性化耦合机理研究

项目编号： No.51309078

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 向龙

作者单位： 河海大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 以坡面水文过程为研究对象，运用多尺度的室内、外水文实验和数值耦合理论，研究分布式水文模型中网格地形与次网格微地形综合作用下的水文过程非线性化问题。本研究将运用水文学、水力学、环境动力学、水文示踪技术研究坡面微地形对局地土壤水分布改变引起的产流模式改变、对局地汇流路径改变引起的坡面汇流特征变化，以及这些非线性问题在分布式模型计算中的反馈。运用水文示踪法确定土壤非均质结构特征及物理属性,分析优先流触发的条件、发生强度与土壤水饱和度关系，揭示包气带优先流与基质流并存时径流分割的非线性关系；确定微地形参数与非均质渗流（产流）和优先汇流的内在关系，揭示微地形引起下渗量再分布与地表径流再分布的量化特征,并借助理论模型分析次网格非均质属性的尺度效应。本研究将尝试解决高分辨率地形数据和小尺度水文机理模式与流域大网格水文计算的一致性问题，为多过程分布式水文模型的非线性耦合和跨尺度应用提供支持。

中文关键词： 微地形效应；混合产流；非线性问题；耦合模型；参数优化

英文摘要： Take mountainous hydrologic processes as the research obeject, this research focuses on the nonlinear hydrologic processes based on the comprehensive function of topography of grid cells and micro-topography of sub-grid cells in distributed hydrologic model. Using the method of hydrology, hydraulics, environmental dynamics, hydrologic tracer technique, this study emphasises on local microtopography affects soil water redistribution and overland flow path recombination, whose changes lead the characteristic varieties of nonlinear hydrologic processes on hillslope cells, and their feedbacks in the distributed hydrologic modeling. Multi-scale experiments in lab and field and theoretical coupling numeric analysis are designed to quantify the effective porosities in heterogenious soil structures and soil physical properties, the function of infiltration on heterogeneous hillslope is defined. Then change the various saturations of soil water content in soil vadose zone, the occurrence and intensities of preferential flows are measured, and the contributions of preferential flows and matric flows in various saturation are evaluated for runoff generation in heterogeneous hillslope. Based on the statistic characteristics of micro-topography, find the relationships between spatial redistribution of infiltration, preferent

英文关键词： micro-topographic effect；mixed runoff；nonlinear issue；coupling model；Parameter optimization